卫星大地测量学的研究现状及发展趋势

机载海洋激光测深系统发射的激光脉冲经由大气、海气界面和海水的复杂信道传播, 信号功率随海水深度的增加呈指数衰减, 同时脉冲波形随深度增加发生严重的脉冲展宽与波形失真, 此两类传输特性分别限制了最大测量深度与测深精度。为了在确保最大测量深度指标的前提下改进机载海洋激光测深系统的测深精度, 首先结合实测水质数据与蒙特卡罗仿真方法, 研究不同深度下的回波信号特性, 揭示激光信号的传输特性, 建立新的激光测深系统参数设计方法, 可满足国际上现有机载海洋激光测深系统的指标; 然后在系统参数确定的条件下, 对不同深度回波信号的波形失真进行仿真, 设计了自适应匹配滤波算法以提高测深精度。仿真结果表明, 所设计的系统参数及自适应匹配滤波算法可以实现机载测绘性能为白天测深深度50 m、测深精度166 mm, 夜晚测深深度70 m、测深精度172 mm。     

二维地基中空沟−波阻板联合隔振屏障分析

针对地基隔振控制,提出了一类新型的空沟?波阻板联合隔振屏障,并对其隔振性能进行了数值分析。首先,利用复伸展坐标变换,在频域内建立了完全匹配层（perfect matched layer, PML）吸收边界的控制方程;其次,利用Galerkin近似技术,给出了以位移为基本未知量的二阶非分裂格式PML的频域有限元计算列式;最后,通过数值算例分析了空沟?波阻板联合隔振屏障的物性参数（地基与波阻板的模量比）、几何参数（空沟深度、波阻板深度）以及载荷参数（振动波频率）等对其隔振性能的影响规律。结果表明,空沟?波阻板联合隔振屏障结合了空沟和波阻板各自的优势,可以有效地控制不同频率振源引起的地基振动。     

Application of a perfectly matched layer in seismic wavefield simulation with an irregular free surface

Recently, an effective and powerful approach for simulating seismic wave propagation in elastic media with an irregular free surface was proposed. However, in previous studies, researchers used the periodic condition and/or sponge boundary condition to attenuate artificial reflections at boundaries of a computational domain. As demonstrated in many literatures, either the periodic condition or sponge boundary condition is simple but much less effective than the well‐known perfectly matched layer boundary condition. In view of this, we intend to introduce a perfectly matched layer to simulate seismic wavefields in unbounded models with an irregular free surface. We first incorporate a perfectly matched layer into wave equations formulated in a frequency domain in Cartesian coordinates. We then transform them back into a time domain through inverse Fourier transformation. Afterwards, we use a boundary‐conforming grid and map a rectangular grid onto a curved one, which allows us to transform the equations and free surface boundary conditions from Cartesian coordinates to curvilinear coordinates. As numerical examples show, if free surface boundary conditions are imposed at the top border of a model, then it should also be incorporated into the perfectly matched layer imposed at the top‐left and top‐ right corners of a 2D model where the free surface boundary conditions and perfectly matched layer encounter; otherwise, reflections will occur at the intersections of the free surface and the perfectly matched layer, which is confirmed in this paper. So, by replacing normal second derivatives in wave equations in curvilinear coordinates with free surface boundary conditions, we successfully implement the free surface boundary conditions into the perfectly matched layer at the top‐left and top‐right corners of a 2D model at the surface. A number of numerical examples show that the perfectly matched layer constructed in this study is effective in simulating wave propagation in unbounded media and the algorithm for implementation of the perfectly matched layer and free surface boundary conditions is stable for long‐time wavefield simulation on models with an irregular free surface.     

特殊耦合地震波检测与匹配滤波技术试验研究

针对塔里木盆地沙漠地区提高地震资料分辨率的难度以及制约该问题的关键因素,研究、设计制作了特殊耦合地震波检测系统(SWDS),并利用匹配滤波技术,在不同区块、不同高差的沙丘与不同自然频率的常规耦合检波器接收的信号进行了严格的对比试验。试验结果表明,该项技术对提高沙漠地区地震资料分辨率是有效的。取得了明显的效果。     

基于光弹测试技术的颗粒材料细观变形试验研究

针对颗粒材料剪切变形的细观尺度研究,介绍了基于密度匹配原理的颗粒实现完全移除底部摩擦力的光弹试验技术。通过对密实度为82%的光弹颗粒系统进行直剪变形研究,研究结果表明颗粒系统在直剪试验过程中,力链的主方向即主应力方向沿着剪切室短对角线方向发展,并贯穿于整个颗粒系统后在剪切室的边界处达到应力平衡; 而颗粒系统中各颗粒的位移场在归一化后表现出很好沿剪切室中轴的对称性。     

Complex frequency-shifted multi-axial perfectly matched layer for frequency-domain seismic wavefield simulation in anisotropic media

Seismic anisotropy has an important influence on seismic data processing and interpretation. Although the frequency-domain seismic wavefield simulation has a problem of solving the large scale linear sparse matrix due to the computational limitations, it has some advantages over the time-domain seismic wavefield simulation including efficient inversion using only a limited number of frequency components and easy implementation of multiple sources. To accurately simulate seismic wave propagation in the frequency domain, we also need to choose the absorbing boundary conditions to absorb artificial reflections from edges of the model as we do in the time domain. Compared with the classical boundary conditions including the perfectly matched layer and complex frequency-shifted perfectly matched layer, the complex frequency-shifted multi-axial perfectly matched layer has been proven to effectively suppress the unwanted reflections at grazing incidence and solve the instability problem in the time-domain seismic numerical modelling in anisotropic elastic media. In this paper, we propose to extend the complex frequency-shifted multi-axial perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition to the frequency-domain seismic wavefield simulation in anisotropic elastic media. To test the validity of our proposed algorithm, we compare the results (snapshots and seismograms) of the frequency-domain seismic wavefield simulation with those of the time-domain modelling. The model studies indicate that the complex frequency-shifted multi-axial perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition is stable in the frequency-domain seismic wavefield simulation in anisotropic media, and provides better absorbing performance than the complex frequency-shifted perfectly matched layer boundary condition.     

地震波模拟中多轴复频移近似完全匹配层的吸收效果及稳定性

在进行地震波模拟计算的过程中用有限的计算区域模拟地下无限空间,需要进行边界截断.为了在边界处不产生虚假反射影响模拟结果,需要引入吸收边界条件.本文采用的近似完全匹配层是一种新型非分裂完全匹配层,计算效率较高.同时相比于其他非分裂完全匹配层,其还具有不改变方程的形式、易于实现等优势.但是当入射波角度较大,边界吸收效果变弱,且残留在边界中的能量使近似完全匹配层变得极其不稳定.多轴复频移近似完全匹配层的提出就是为了改善对大角度入射波的吸收并且提高边界的稳定性.通过实验模拟和矩阵特征值灵敏度来研究多轴复频移近似完全匹配层的吸收效果及稳定性.结果表明该方法不仅能够吸收掠入波,而且对常规入射波的吸收也得到提升,同时拥有更好的稳定性.

     

Unsplit Variables Perfectly Matched Layers for the Shallow Water Equations with Coriolis Forces

The paper presents an analytical and numerical study of two perfectly matched layer (PML) formulations for the shallow water equations in terms of the unsplit physical variables. A perturbation method followed by a change of dependent variable allows us to extend the methods to include the Coriolis forces. The PML equations, usually given in terms of the primitive variables, are also presented here in terms of the conservative variables, which facilitates their use in flows containing discontinuities. The performance of the two methods on a set of test cases is investigated. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

2017年9月临城震群遗漏地震检测及发震构造初探

以河北测震台网记录的连续波形数据为基础,采用模板匹配滤波方法,检测2017年9月4日—6日河北临城震群遗漏地震。利用波形互相关扫描,检测到19次被测震台网常规分析遗漏的地震,震级范围为M_(L )0.0—1.2,并标定新检测地震事件的P波和S波到时,估计其震中位置及震级。通过地震精定位和最大地震震源机制解,认为此次临城地震序列的主要发震构造应为近EW向活动断层。     

Mapping alteration minerals using sub-pixel unmixing of ASTER data in the Sarduiyeh area,SE Kerman,Iran

This paper is an attempt to introduce the role of earth observation technology and a type of digital earth processing in mineral resources exploration and assessment. The sub-pixel distribution and quantity of alteration minerals were mapped using linear spectral unmixing (LSU) and mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF) algorithms in the Sarduiyeh area, SE Kerman, Iran, using the visible-near infrared (VNIR) and short wave infrared (SWIR) bands of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument and the results were compared to evaluate the efficiency of methods. Three groups of alteration minerals were identified: (1) pyrophylite-alunite (2) sericite-kaolinite, and (3) chlorite-calcite-epidote. Results showed that high abundances within pixels were successfully corresponded to the alteration zones. In addition, a number of unreported altered areas were identified. Field observations and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of field samples confirmed the dominant mineral phases identified remotely. Results of LSU and MTMF were generally similar with overall accuracy of 82.9 and 90.24%, respectively. It is concluded that LSU and MTMF are suitable for sub-pixel mapping of alteration minerals and when the purpose is identification of particular targets, rather than all the elements in the scene, the MTMF algorithm could be proposed.