结构型式对寒区高铁路基冻结特征影响试验研究

哈尔滨至大连客运专线是我国在中-深季节冻土地区设计、建造和运营的第一条高速铁路,其独特的工程地质条件以及在低温环境下线路的苛刻要求引发的工程需求对寒区路基的稳定性问题提出了新的严峻挑战。通过在不同冻深区选择典型性路基断面,以用来监测路基的稳定性和冻结特征。并通过对运营后第1个冻融期内的监测数据分析发现,路基的结构型式对寒区高铁路基的冻结特征有着显著的差别性影响和制约作用。结果表明：对比路堑段的中部及其临近路堑进出口处的路堤段,路堤段存续有较长时间和较厚的冻结夹层,其堑-堤地温差值也随着纬度的增加而增加。同时发现在4月份的路基中存在有一定厚度的高温冻结夹层。而同一区域内,路堑的最大冻结深度要较路堤的冻结深度浅20～50 cm,但相反的是,路堑的最大变形却较路堤的要大2～5 mm,这种差值越向北越明显。同时在春融期内,路堑段的冻深变化速率在0上下剧烈波动,此时变形产生了突变式上升,而路堤段的冻深变化速率却在负值区内变化,变形并未发生明显的突变。     

A framework for the seismic assessment of existing masonry buildings accounting for different sources of uncertainty

The current formulation of Eurocode 8 Part 3 and the Italian building code for the seismic assessment of existing buildings accounts for epistemic (knowledge‐based) uncertainties by means of the identification of knowledge levels with associated values of the so‐called confidence factors, applied only as a reduction of material strengths. This formulation does not always produce consistent results and it does not explicitly account for other sources of uncertainty. The paper proposes a probabilistic methodology for the quantification of appropriately defined factors, allowing consideration of the different sources of uncertainty involved in the seismic assessment of masonry buildings by means of nonlinear static analyses. This simple approach, also including an alternative formulation of the confidence factors related with material properties, allows to obtain results which are consistent with the acquired level of knowledge and correctly account for the different sources of uncertainty without requiring to carry out any stochastic nonlinear analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bidirectional behavior of unreinforced masonry walls

Most of the studies related to the modeling of masonry structures have by far investigated either the in‐plane (IP) or the out‐of‐plane (OP) behavior of walls. However, seismic loads mostly impose simultaneous IP and OP demands on load‐bearing or shear masonry walls. Thus, there is a need to reconsider design equations of unreinforced masonry walls by taking into account bidirectional effects. The intent of this study is to investigate the bidirectional behavior of an unreinforced masonry wall with a typical aspect ratio under different displacement‐controlled loading directions making use of finite element analysis. For this purpose, the numerical procedure is first validated against the results of the tests on walls with different failure modes conducted by the authors. Afterward, the response of the wall systems is evaluated with increasing top displacement having different orientations. A set of 19 monotonic and three cyclic loading analyses are performed, and the results are discussed in terms of the variation of failure modes and load–displacement diagrams. Moreover, the results of wall capacity in each loading condition are compared with those of the ASCE41‐06 formulations. The results indicate that the direction of the resultant force, vectorial summation of IP and OP forces, of the wall is initially proportional to the ratio of stiffness in the IP and the OP directions. However, with the increase of damage, the resultant force direction inclines towards the wall's longitudinal direction regardless of the direction of the imposed displacement. Finally, recommendations are made for applicability of ASCE41‐06 formulations under different bidirectional loading conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

探索不同地区经济发展与建筑物结构形式分布的相关性

将引入相似度的概念探索验证不同地区经济发展与建筑结构形式分布的相关性,将不同地区的社会经济发展、建筑物类型特征的相似度给出量化指标,进而为下一步的建筑物基础数据的更新打下基础。     

叠加褶皱研究进展综述

叠加褶皱作为地壳构造变形中一种常见的地质现象, 对于确定多期变形和构造运动期次, 探讨构造演化历史以及内外生矿床的空间分布、形成与变形特征均有重要研究意义。在回顾叠加褶皱研究历史与近年来取得的主要进展基础上, 系统地总结了叠加褶皱几何学与运动学特征, 指出叠加褶皱主要有纵弯褶皱作用、横弯褶皱作用及剪切褶皱作用3种成因机制。在此基础上, 选取典型的叠加褶皱, 剖析了其构造样式及形成机制, 并探讨了叠加褶皱研究的难点与可行研究方法。      

中国结在首饰设计中的传承

中国结艺术历史悠久,始于上古,兴于唐宋,盛于明清,贯穿于人类文明始终,漫长的文化积淀使得中国结渗透着中华民族特有的、纯粹的文化精髓,蕴涵着丰富的文化内容。除对中国结的定义进行了必要的阐述外,还对中国结文化进行了论述。通过研究中国结的现代造型、色彩、寓意与神韵,将其应用于现代首饰设计中,把中国结融入时尚和新的视觉语言,必将焕发其新的艺术生命力。     

运用文化理论和模糊网络分析评价黑河中游最优水资源管理风格

管理者的管理风格与环境相匹配是有效管理的关键. 采用模糊网络分析法和文化理论方法评价了黑河中游张掖市最优水资源管理风格. 以文化理论为基础, 采用理论分析法和频度分析法, 建立水资源管理风格评价指标体系. 运用网络层次分析法确定各项指标的权重; 基于网络层次分析法的计算结果, 运用模糊综合评价法对文化理论中提出的个人主义者、 宿命论者、 等级主义者和平均主义者4种风格进行实例研究, 依据分值大小进行排序. 结果表明: 等级主义者得分最高, 即为最优的管理风格. 因此, 在黑河中游水资源管理的过程中应主要实行等级主义者管理风格, 可为水资源管理部门分配人员、 选聘人才、 培训方向提供理论依据, 有助于提高水资源管理效率.     

论唐大历才子李端的诗歌体式及其美学风格

唐大历才子李端的诗歌各体兼备各具特色：七律明净清丽、浏亮工整;五律锻琢工稳、奇逸清华;五七言绝句体情细腻、含蓄隽永。李端的古风歌行高于大历诸才子,其七言歌行韵调流畅、气势飞动,五言歌行清音古致、婉转惆怅,最得乐府神理。其歌行的韵调气势,情致遣词,在中唐诗坛中占有一定地位和影响。     

2003年青海德令哈6.7级地震序列的震源机制解及其构造含义

利用8个流动数字地震台和国家数字地震台站的地震波形记录,测量了2003年4月17日青海德令哈6.7级地震及其主要余震的直达P波、SV波、SH波的初动方向和振幅比,应用Snoke(2003)的测定震源机制解的格点尝试法,测定出德令哈地震序列的48个2.4级以上地震的震源机制解.搜集分析了美国哈佛大学测定的德令哈6.7级主震和2004年二期地震活动中的7个地震的震源机制解.基于余震空间分布特征和对震源机制解特征的分析,讨论了德令哈地震序列的可能断层活动方式和地震的构造含义.结果表明,主震和大部分余震都是沿NWW-SEE走向的逆断层错动,北边的上盘可能沿低角度向北倾的断层面向南仰冲;个别正断层余震可能是震源区挤压变形弧顶区附近发生的局部张性破裂;在二期地震活动中,逆断层和走滑断层都有,走滑断层地震主要发生在震源区东侧.德令哈地震活动是青藏高原东北缘NWW-SEE向延伸的挤压带继续处于隆升活动中的表现,这一继承性新构造运动是德令哈地震序列的可能发震原因.     

Shake‐table tests of a three‐story reinforced concrete frame with masonry infill walls

This paper presents the shake‐table tests of a 2/3‐scale, three‐story, two‐bay, reinforced concrete frame infilled with unreinforced masonry walls. The specimen is representative of the construction practice in California in the 1920s. The reinforced concrete frame had nonductile reinforcement details and it was infilled with solid masonry walls in one bay and infill walls with window openings in the other bay. The structure was subjected to a sequence of dynamic tests including white‐noise base excitations and 14 scaled historical earthquake ground motion records of increasing intensity. The performance of the structure was satisfactory considering the seismic loads it was subjected to. The paper summarizes the design of the specimen and the major findings from the shake‐table tests, including the dynamic response, the load resistance, the evolution of damage, and the final failure mechanism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.