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91.
92.
一种机载雷达点云数据的快速分类方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
机载激光雷达扫描技术可以以点云形式快速获取地形表面高精度三维信息。基于激光雷达扫描数据及建筑物本身的拓扑信息就可以对建筑物进行精确的重建,而重建中最关键的技术是对点云数据进行分类,进而进行地物识别。对大规模三维点云数据进行快速分类,提出一种采用区域分割结合基于最小二乘平差的多项式拟合方法,将大量离散的三维点云分割后进行多项式拟合,并将二维数据分类转化为一维数据分类。在分类的基础上,将建筑物几何规则作为约束条件提取了房屋边缘。实验分析表明,该方法既能去除多余噪声,又能有效保留特征点,分类的总误差率低于3%。 相似文献
93.
The paper describes the development and numerical implementation of a constitutive relationship for modeling the elasto‐plastic behavior of block structures with periodic texture, regarded at a macroscopic scale as homogenized anisotropic media. The macroscopic model is shown to retain memory of the mechanical characteristics of the joints and of the shape of the blocks. The overall mechanical properties display anisotropy and singularities in the yield surface, arising from the discrete nature of the block structure and the geometrical arrangement of the units. The model is formulated in the framework of multi‐surface plasticity. It is implemented in an finite element (FE) code by means of two different algorithms: an implicit return mapping scheme and a minimization algorithm directly derived from the Haar–Karman principle. The model is validated against analytical and experimental results: the comparison between the homogenized continuum and the original block assembly shows a good agreement in terms of ultimate inelastic behavior, when the size of the block is small as compared with that of the whole assembly. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
94.
本文通过对上海地区地震危险性分析,论述了上海地区开展村镇民房震害预测的必要性。根据上海地区的建筑特点,并以宝山区Ⅵ度震害预测为例,对上海地区村镇民房震害预测方法的可行性进行了探讨。 相似文献
95.
二叠系阳新组灰岩厚度240~350 m,走向延伸大于50 km,出露面积15 km2以上,资源储量极为丰富.研究区0.6 km2范围内资源量为5193×104 t.阳新组灰岩CaO含量49.87%~55.74%,MgO含量0.24%~2.80%,SiO2含量0.38%~5.80%之间,SO3含量0.01%~0.40%,K2O+Na2O含量0.02%~0.12%,均达到Ⅰ级水泥用料要求.饱和抗压强度41.6~82.4 MPa,坚固性1%~3%,压碎指标8.2%~9.6%;所有指标均符合建筑石料用要求.对阳新组灰岩地质特征、物理化学指标的分析评价显示,其可广泛运用于水泥、建筑石料等领域,具有重要的经济价值和意义. 相似文献
96.
修缮工程的造价控制相对于新建工程有其自身特点,需要从工程设计和招标阶段开始就制定严谨的造价控制计划,并在其后的工程管理中逐步实现。本文论述了修缮工程造价控制的难点和特点,并提出了解决建议。 相似文献
97.
林功丁 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(4):70-72
建筑物基础防水土腐蚀的措施.关系到建筑物的安全性与耐久性。本文根据国家有关标准的规定.对建筑物基础的腐蚀类型与腐蚀性评价问题进行归纳与论述.并针对不同的腐蚀类型与腐蚀性等级要求,给出了天然地基基础和桩基础的具体防护措施。 相似文献
98.
Li Li Yang Hong Jiahu Wang Robert F. Adler Frederick S. Policelli Shahid Habib Daniel Irwn Tesfaye Korme Lawrence Okello 《Natural Hazards》2009,50(1):109-123
Many researchers seek to take advantage of the recently available and virtually uninterrupted supply of satellite-based rainfall
information as an alternative and supplement to the ground-based observations in order to implement a cost-effective flood
prediction in many under-gauged regions around the world. Recently, NASA Applied Science Program has partnered with USAID
and African-RCMRD to implement an operational water-hazard warning system, SERVIR-Africa. The ultimate goal of the project
is to build up disaster management capacity in East Africa by providing local governmental officials and international aid
organizations a practical decision-support tool in order to better assess emerging flood impacts and to quantify spatial extent
of flood risk, as well as to respond to such flood emergencies more expediently. The objective of this article is to evaluate
the applicability of integrating NASA’s standard satellite precipitation product with a flood prediction model for disaster
management in Nzoia, sub-basin of Lake Victoria, Africa. This research first evaluated the TMPA real-time rainfall data against
gauged rainfall data from the year 2002 through 2006. Then, the gridded Xinanjiang Model was calibrated to Nzoia basin for
period of 1985–2006. Benchmark streamflow simulations were produced with the calibrated hydrological model using the rain
gauge and observed streamflow data. Afterward, continuous discharge predictions forced by TMPA 3B42RT real-time data from
2002 through 2006 were simulated, and acceptable results were obtained in comparison with the benchmark performance according
to the designated statistic indices such as bias ratio (20%) and NSCE (0.67). Moreover, it is identified that the flood prediction
results were improved with systematically bias-corrected TMPA rainfall data with less bias (3.6%) and higher NSCE (0.71).
Although the results justify to suggest to us that TMPA real-time data can be acceptably used to drive hydrological models
for flood prediction purpose in Nzoia basin, continuous progress in space-borne rainfall estimation technology toward higher
accuracy and higher spatial resolution is highly appreciated. Finally, it is also highly recommended that to increase flood
forecasting lead time, more reliable and more accurate short- or medium-range quantitative precipitation forecasts is a must. 相似文献
99.
100.
Three dimensional numerical simulation of residential building on shrink–swell soils in response to climatic conditions 下载免费PDF全文
Shrink–swell soils can cause distresses in buildings, and every year, the economic loss associated with this problem is huge. This paper presents a comprehensive system for simulating the soil–foundation–building system and its response to daily weather conditions. Weather data include rainfall, solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, all of which are readily available from a local weather station or the Internet. These data are used to determine simulation flux boundary conditions. Different methods are proposed to simulate different boundary conditions: bare soil, trees, and vegetation. A coupled hydro‐mechanical stress analysis is used to simulate the volume change of shrink–swell soils due to both mechanical stress and water content variations. Coupled hydro‐mechanical stress‐jointed elements are used to simulate the interaction between the soil and the slab, and general shell elements are used to simulate structural behavior. All the models are combined into one finite element program to predict the entire system's behavior. This paper first described the theory for the simulations. A site in Arlington, Texas, is then selected to demonstrate the application of the proposed system. Simulation results are shown, and a comparison between measured and predicted movements for four footings in Arlington, Texas, over a 2‐year period is presented. Finally, a three‐dimensional simulation is made for a virtual residential building on shrink–swell soils to identify the influence of various factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献