动载下3条断续裂隙岩样的裂缝贯通机制

采用含3条断续预制裂隙的类砂岩模型试样进行单轴动力加载试验,对不同裂隙空间位置条件下断续裂隙岩体中裂隙的贯通机制进行了研究。静、动荷载下的对比研究成果显示：不同空间位置的裂隙贯通方式存在较大差异,且对动载的响应不同;动载下分支裂纹扩展及贯通具有惯性效应,即动载下裂尖次生共面、次生倾斜裂纹起裂后易朝原起裂方向快速发展,动载下易在两预制裂隙内端部产生直接贯通。这与静载下岩桥处的贯通常通过分支裂纹拐折扩展、相连不同,这也是导致裂隙试样中低应变速率下强度增大（即速率效应）的主要原因。同时,试验结果也表明：含裂隙试样静、动荷载下裂隙间的多次贯通是导致其呈现出渐进破坏特征的主要原因。     

不同含水条件下板岩力学实验研究与理论分析

以南水北调西线的板岩为研究对象,进行了不同泡水条件下的三轴压缩实验,通过引入相对吸水率的定义,分析了吸水率变化对岩石强度、弹性模量及泊松比等力学参数的影响,并从微观的角度分析了试样发生变化的机理,得出如下结论：(1)板岩在泡水后三轴抗压强度发生降低,最大降低辐度达46 %左右,抗压强度随相对吸水率的变化可以用函数式来有效的描述;(2)在泡水后,板岩的弹性模量与泊松比随着吸水率的增大而增大,但由于板岩自身各向异性明显,规律性不是特别明显,只能近似用关系式来模拟;(3)理论分析证实：实际泡水条件下的岩样,在受力挤压后,会经历排水与不排水两种过程,随着吸水率的提高,弹性模量与泊松比增大,验证了实验结果;(4)利用微观力学模型初步证实：泡水后板岩颗粒的吸水性与颗粒间毛细管力的减小是造成板岩泡水后发生软化的原因。     

高速公路工程中动态临界填筑高度的应用研究

临界填筑高度是高速公路工程中关注的一个问题,路堤填筑高度度小于临界填筑高度时,地基的变形和稳定均能得到控制。以往的研究认为一般高速公路临界高度为一个定值,而对其时间效应很少进行研究和应用。根据固结理论,研究了地基土强度在路堤荷载作用下的增长规律,并结合已有临界填筑高度的研究成果,分析了临界填筑高度度随时间的增长规律。在此基础上,对高速公路填筑工艺进行了探讨。     

混凝土芯砂石桩的单桩承载力时间效应分析

在饱和软黏土地基沉桩过程中,挤土桩桩周土体将遭受相当大的挤压应力并引起很高的超静孔隙水压力,桩周土体超静孔隙水压力的消散,使桩周土体有效应力相应地增长,单桩承载力在间歇期内也会随着时间而逐渐增加。基于挤土桩沉桩过程所产生的挤土效应,运用圆孔扩张理论和固结理论分析了新型软基处理技术-混凝土芯砂石桩的挤土性状,并与软基处理中常用的CFG桩作了比较,从单桩侧摩阻力的时间效应方面分析了混凝土芯砂石桩的优越性。     

Is there a stable isotope evidence for the CO2 fertilization effect?

It has been suggested that part of the so-called “missing sink” of carbon dioxide introduced into the atmosphere by anthropogenic activities, that is the imbalance between estimated anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and oceanic uptake, may be stored in the vegetation in midlatitudes. Precise mechanisms of abstraction of additional carbon dioxide by vegetation, also known as the “fertilization effect”, are poorly understood. Stable carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of cellulose extracted from annual growth rings (covering the time period 1980–1993) in an oak tree from Kalamazoo, SW Michigan provide a basis to investigate at a physiological level how the fertilization effect may operate. The carbon isotope ratios show that the intercellular concentration of carbon dioxide increased due to an increase in stomatal opening. Although increased intercellular concentration of carbon dioxide translated to increased Water Use Efficiency and assimilation rates, it also resulted in increased transpiration rate as shown by higher D/H of the fixed carbon. The two-fold significance of the isotope data are: first, they provide the first field evidence based on isotope studies for excess CO₂ induced biomass production and second, they suggest that this mechanism is likely to operate only in limited environments. Vegetation in regions where moisture availability is not restricted so that there can be a gain in water use efficiency despite increased leaf evaporation are best suited to sequester excess carbon from the atmosphere.     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY-PART Ⅱ:COUPLING MODEL AND EXPERIMENT*

A tropical cyclone-marine mixed layer model including air-sea interaction is established to conduct numerical experiment with the effects of SST on the cyclone's intensity,Evidence suggests that with air-sea interaction involved,SST rise causes a drop of central pressure of the storm and SST impact on the intensity is weaker in the coupling case.Moreover,study is undertaken of the intensity variation of another tropical cyclone moving in the cyclone's cold-tail sector,with the results in good agreement with the observational fact.     

流速仪在垂直偏角情况下测速误差的研究

悬索缆道测流,往往使流速仪形成垂直偏角,对流速有一定影响.分别率定了LS25-1型旋桨流速仪和LS68-1型旋杯流速仪在不同下倾角时与流速的关系流速仪的垂直偏角对流速有明显影响,并随偏角的加大而增加,偏角在10°以内影响不大;同时也率定了LS68-1型旋杯流速仪自动调整垂直下倾角时与流速的关系,下倾角在10°～30°以内对流速无明显变化,超过30°时,流速系统偏小.解决办法是(1)流速小有偏角时用LS68-1型旋杯流速仪,流速大时用LS25-3型旋桨流速仪,二者均有自动调平的功能;(2)合理选择铅鱼的型式和重量,本文提供了数据.     

Site effects at Euroseistest—I. Determination of the valley structure and confrontation of observations with 1D analysis

This paper describes the process of construction of the 2D model of Volvi's geological structure and results of empirical and theoretical approaches to the evaluation of site response at Euroseistest. The construction of the 2D model is based on a re-interpretation of the available geophysical and geotechnical data in an effort to improve the definition of the subsoil structure at Euroseistest in terms of the most important parameters needed to model site response. The results of this re-interpretation are compared with a previous published 2D model of the same alluvial valley. Different analysis of the measurements and different criteria in the synthesis of data have led to a different model, even if both studies had access to the same field measurements. This underscores the fact that a model results of an interpretation and is not uniquely determined by the data, no matter how detailed they are. The well known subsoil structure opened the possibility to correlate the geometry and the dynamic properties of the 2D model with the results of site response determined from a detailed analysis of two events in frequency and time domains and 1D numerical modeling. The study of site response shows the important effect of the lateral variations on the ground motion and suggests that the contribution of locally generated surface waves to the resonant peak may be important. In the case of Volvi's graben, the limitations of the 1D approximation to simulate ground motion under complex soil conditions in both frequency and time domains are also shown. This paper lays the ground for a companion article dealing with 2D site effects in this basin.     

多孔砖、粉煤灰砌块、火山渣砌块配筋墙体抗震性能试验研究

本文根据普通粘土砖墙体配置水平钢筋的研究成果,在空心多孔砖、粉煤灰砌块、火山渣混凝土砌块墙体中配置少量水平钢筋,研究它们在水平往复荷载及竖向荷载共同作用下的宏观破坏模式、抗剪强度、变形能力、钢筋效应等,为砌块承重房屋的抗震设计提供科学依据。     

调质阻尼器地震反应控制应用研究

本文在结构地震反应时程分析基础上,研究调质阻尼器控制地震反应的最优参数设计方法,分析了多自由度体系的阻尼器设计以及调质阻尼器控制的失调效应．并用算例验证了该设计方法用于地震反应控制的可行性。