A comparison of alternative criteria for defining fuzzy boundaries on fuzzy categorical maps

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Self‐Organized Cognitive Maps

This paper argues cognitive mapping is a learning process that can be simulated by a self‐organizing neural network. The learning of city locations was considered in two studies. One study focused on the learning of city locations on four continents. Results indicated the neural network aligned the cities producing systematic errors similar to those in human cognitive maps. A second study had a neural network learn a biased sample of city locations in the United States. Results indicated a non‐linear relationship between cognitive and physical distances. Self‐organized cognitive maps naturally produce this non‐linear relationship when information from more than one scale is mapped into one space.     

基于增强现实技术的纸质地图增强表达与交互

近年来随着计算机技术的发展,特别是增强现实技术的出现,使纸质地图的“增强”表达和交互分析成为可能。文章探讨了基于增强现实技术的纸质地图增强表达与交互分析流程方法,认为纸质地图增强表达和交互功能的关键技术在于：纸质地图标识的计算机识别,增强地图的空间匹配方法,增强地图的显示和交互方法;同时通过实验研发了原型系统并予以实现。利用增强现实技术扩展了纸质地图的可视化表达方法,把丰富的地理信息和纸质地图结合起来,打破了传统地图可视化的静态表现形式,提供了丰富的人机交互方式,能增强人对地理信息的多维动态感知能力,也增强补充了地图对现实世界的描述。     

基于FushionCharts与ArcIMS的统计制图与应用分析

随着Internet与WebGIS的迅速发展,WebGIS统计专题图应用越来越广泛。ArcIMS提供了一种制作统计专题图的功能,并通过网络进行发布的途径,但其统计专题图制作功能尚不完善。本文针对这一情况,介绍了一种FusionCharts图表组件与ArcIMS结合制作统计专题图的方法。该方法有两个关键技术点:第一是采用面向对象的技术,将源数据转化成FusionChart图表支持的XML数据格式这一过程封装成函数;第二是先将矢量地图与统计图表生成分开,矢量地图在服务器端生成,然后,调用已封装函数将每个图表所需数据转化成XML数据流并与矢量地图一起发送到客户端,最后,客户端flash插件解析XML并生成图表,与矢量地图叠加生成统计专题图。最后以北京都市型现代信息平台为例,对FushionCharts与ArcIMS结合制件统计专题图进行了应用,实践表明,此法相对于传统ArcIMS制作统计专题图不仅使用简单、生成的图表类型多样、动态而美观,且制图速度快。     

Seismic microzoning from synthetic ground motion earthquake scenarios parameters: The case study of the city of Catania (Italy)

The city of Catania (Italy) in the South-Eastern Sicily has been affected in past times by several destroying earthquakes with high values of estimated magnitude. The seismogenic area to the south of Volcano Etna, known as Iblean Area, is placed between the African and the Euro-Asiatic plates on the west of the Ibleo-Maltese escarpment, to the south of the Graben of the Sicilian channel and on the east of the overlapping front of Gela. Basing on the seismic history of Catania, the following earthquake scenarios have been considered: the “Val di Noto” earthquake of January 11, 1693 (with intensity X-XI on MCS scale, magnitude M_W=7.41 and epicentral distance of about 13 km); the “Etna” earthquake of February 20, 1818 (with intensity IX on MCS scale, magnitude M_W=6.23 and epicentral distance of about 10 km). The soil response analysis at the surface, in terms of time history and response spectra, has been obtained by 1-D equivalent linear models for about 1200 borings location available in the data-bank of the central area of Catania of about 50 km², using deterministic design scenario earthquakes as input at the conventional bedrock.Seismic microzoning maps of the city of Catania have been obtained in terms of different peak ground acceleration at the surface and in terms of amplification ratios for given values of frequency.     

黑吉蒙交界地区小震活动图像与附近中强震关系浅析

主要研究1970年以来东北地区历次中强震前,黑吉蒙交界地区小震活动图像特征,结果发现该区的小震活动集中与否对发生在嫩江断裂两侧的中强震有一定的指示意义,并结合地质构造和部分学者的研究成果对本研究结果进行了初步分析。     

地裂缝灾害发生机理与“三图法”评价方法研究——以山西榆次地裂缝研究为例

地质灾害定量评价是实施防灾、减灾工作的基础依据。本文在采用室内相似材料物理仿真模拟试验和非线性分形几何特征分析基础上,论述了榆次地裂缝的形成机理和基本发育特征与规律。并且,应用现代先进的地理信息系统(GIS)与非线性人工神经网络(ANN)耦合评价理论和方法,定量研究地质灾害形成的自然属性,对灾害危险性进行评价分区(第一图);然后,根据承灾体分布特征和当地社会、经济、环境和城市建设发展状况,应用地理信息系统与层次分析法(AHP)耦合理论与方法,定量研究地质灾害发生的社会属性,对承灾体易损性进行评价分区(第二图);综合地质灾害的自然和社会属性,应用地理信息系统技术,根据多源地学信息复合原理,对地质灾害危险性分区图与易损性分区图实施复合叠加,确定出地质灾害危害性评价分区图(第三图)。文章最后总结提出了地质灾害定量评价的“三图法”基本理论和方法。     

Distribution of arsenic and other minor trace elements in the groundwater of Ischia Island (southern Italy)

The island of Ischia belongs to the active volcanic area of Naples. It is formed from Quaternary volcanic rocks and exhibits intense hydrothermal activity, which is manifested through numerous springs, fumaroles and sporadic geysers. The content of minor and trace elements in groundwater has been analyzed, including some elements that are considered toxic for humans. Mean concentrations of As, B, Fe, Mn, Sb, and Se in samples from 43 aquifer points exceed the WHO recommended values and the limits set by European and Italian legislation (98/83/CE and DM 471, respectively). In general, the spatial distribution of the elements follows a common pattern: it is governed by a marked structural control, which favors hydrochemical processes that liberate the elements into the water.     

EGCLTH仿真系统──从1:20万化探扫面数据得到1:5万地球化学测量结果

ＥＧＣＬＴＨ仿真系统是我们新近研制成功的一种非线性化探数据处理与成图系统，它可以在计算机上实现从低密度的采样数据得到高密度的地球化学勘查结果，特别是从１：２０万化探扫面数据模拟得到符合１：５万地球化学实测要求的点位的元素含量数据和地球化学图，从而或许可以不再需要通过单点样分析或面积性采样来进行１：５万地球化学填图。以著名勘查地球化学家、中国科学院院士谢学锦教授等专家组成的鉴定委员会确认：ＥＧＣＬＴＨ系统是一项首创性的具有国际领先水平的新技术，它不仅在地球化学填图、勘探网度模拟、矿产储量计算、环境…