Spatial analysis of stream power using GIS: SLk anomaly maps

The stream length‐gradient index (SL) shows the variation in stream power along river reaches. This index is very sensitive to changes in channel slope, thus allowing the evaluation of recent tectonic activity and/or rock resistance. Nevertheless, the comparison of SL values from rivers of different length is biased due to the manner in which the index is formulated, thus making correlations of SL anomalies along different rivers difficult. Therefore, when undertaking a comparison of SL values of rivers of different lengths, a normalization factor must be used. The graded river gradient (K) has already been used in some studies to normalize the SL index. In this work, we explore the relationships between the graded river gradient (K), the SL index and the stream power, proposing the use of a re‐named SLk index, which enables the comparison of variable‐length rivers, as well as the drawing of SLk anomaly maps. We present here a GIS‐based procedure to generate SLk maps and to identify SLk anomalies. In order to verify the advantages of this methodology, we compared an SLk map of the NE border of the Granada basin with both simple river profile–knickpoint identification and with an SL map. The results show that the SLk map supplies good results with defined anomalies and suitably reflects the main tectonic and lithological features of the study area. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Regional subsidence of Mexico City and its effects on seismic response

Changes expected in Mexico City's seismic response due to land subsidence caused by groundwater extraction are examined. Settlements of the land surface observed in the recent past are compiled and processed to predict regional subsidence in the near future. This information is used in combination with the iso-depth and iso-period maps stipulated by the building code to estimate the compaction of surface sediments and the shortening of soil periods. The time-progressive evolution of the official seismic zoning maps and the associated site-specific response spectra is predicted. The same is done with spectral response contours expressed in terms of the site and structure periods. The subsidence effects are considered through an impact factor, which represents the increase or decrease in the spectral ordinates with respect to the current values specified for design purposes. The detrimental or beneficial effects depend on the relative values of the structure and site periods.     

《中华人民共和国地貌图集》的研究与编制

《中华人民共和国地貌图集(1∶100万)》是全面反映我国地貌宏观规律、揭示区域地貌空间分异的国家级基本比例尺基础性图集。本文回顾了我国地貌制图的发展历程,阐述了全国百万数字地貌遥感综合解译和地貌图集编制的过程,从图集内容结构、数值地貌分类体系、数据基础、地貌遥感解析技术、数字地貌数据库共享系统、地貌图图例系统、图集编制及印刷技术、图集蝴蝶装帧技术等方面详细分析了地貌图集的研究内容和编制特色。地貌图集研究成果已在全国土地调查、区域规划、环境保护和灾害监测等多个方面得到广泛应用。     

基于Google Earth的1∶50000地质地理底图更新

数字地理底图是地质环境调查不可缺少的组成部分,但现有数据大多现势性较差,如何更新值得探讨。文中提出利用Google Earth进行地理底图更新的方法,并介绍了更新的步骤和精度,该方法简单快捷、可操作性较强,具有一定的实用价值。     

Maps, newspapers and nationalism: The Finnish historical experience

Cartography has usually been perceived as an objective and exact science. Maps have been seen as actual presentations of the world or the area they depict. But another angle is also possible: they may be interpreted as social or political statements and tools for policy making. Therefore, it is important to aim at interpreting maps as products of their own time, in their own social and historical context. Iconology and hermeneutic interpretation may prove to be useful tools, especially when historical press maps are concerned. I will explore the ways in which maps were used in the Finnish newspapers, magazines and humorous magazines, with examples from the early 1900's to 1941. In many cases, the map was an essential part of the article or caricature, along with the text and other figures. They were often aimed to affect people's opinions and images, and to support Finland's territorial hopes in the Eastern Karelia. Among the other national symbols, such as the flag, national anthem or coat of arms, the map of Finland can be considered as a symbol of nationhood.     

基于石油勘探要素的地形图图幅编号自动检索方法

分析了石油勘探元素所在地形图分幅和编号规律,给出了实用算法,实现了不使用第三方控件的石油勘探要素地形图图幅编号自动检索。     

新闻地图编制出版的实践与研究

基于长期具体实践,深入分析了编制出版新闻专题地图过程中存在的问题和极易步入的误区,从新闻选题、编辑制作、总体设计、工作流程和理论提升等方面,提出应对策略,明晰了地图专业角度应抓住的重点和研发方向。     

建立沙漠化环境监测信息系统图形数据库专题系列地图的编辑与制图

沙漠化专题系列地图是沙漠化环境信息系统图形数据库的主要信息内容, 目的在于为系统进行空间分析提供数据。沙漠化系列图的编制, 因制图工具是具有图形编辑软件的计算机系统, 地图载体已改变为磁性记录媒体, 制图程序与常规方法差别甚大。本文结合机助制图特点, 介绍了制图编辑中的有关问题, 主要内容包括：(1)用于沙漠化环境监测信息系统专题地图的设计; (2)专题系列地图的制图分类; (3)图形数据库中专题系列图的统一协调; (4)系统中沙漠化专题系列图的编辑特点; (5)沙漠化环境信息系统中系列图件的时间序列。     

Integration and application of panorama field geological images and Google maps

Panorama field geological image is an important form of displaying field geology information with high resolution.Taking an example for Xingcheng,the authors studied the use of panorama field geological images based on the Flex for rich client display technology,application of Google maps API for Flash,and discussed construction method for field geological panoramic information system which created the rich client Internet application program.The results indicate that using Google maps API to mark position and route of panoramic image collection point can be fully integrated field geological information and map information.It can provide visual field geological information for users.This program is characterized by quick execution speed,strong interaction and rich function,which promotes the users’experience effectively.     

认知地图的空间句法研究

将意识层面的空间意象外化为可被度量及分析的对象,一直是行为学、地理学、旅游学等学科关注的重要课题。本文主要从构建空间意象的结构而非意义入手,对该领域研究中的两种重要方法,即认知地图法和空间句法进行了比较,意图找到两种方法在空间结构性认知方面的相关性。基于句法空间结构的表达模型,分别就长沙太平街历史街区集成度及其认知地图的调研结果进行了比对,通过真实地图句法集成度与579 份认知地图意象要素出现频率等指标的比较,发现集成度指标与意象出现频率等指标存在较好的相关性。在对认知地图样本进行轴线化转换并比照真实地图的轴线索引后,对真实地图句法集成度与579 份认知地图平均句法集成度进行比较,发现认知地图与真实地图的句法分析在结果上仍有较好的相关性,且节点、标志物两要素的出现频次等指标也与所在街道的集成度存在较为明显的对应性。结论说明空间构形对人们结构性意象的形成有着重要的影响力,认知地图的句法分析对揭示人们空间知识的形成机制具有一定的参考价值,两种方法有相互补充的可能性。