辽,金,元测绘史考（下）

概述辽、金、元三代有关测绘的管理和机构,职官设置,各类测绘状况及成果,着重介绍了元代的测绘技术,发明创造及著述。     

A classification system for the assessment of slope stability of terrains along highway routes in Jordan

 The establishment of comprehensive development plans, in general, and the proper selection of highway routes, in particular, require an assessment of landslides or instability hazards in the project sites. The frequent landslides that occurred along the routes of major highways in Jordan, and particularly along the Amman-Na'ur-Dead Sea highway and Irbid-Jerash-Amman highway, have substantially increased the cost of construction and caused a considerable delay in the completion of work. The study of many landslides that occurred in the last 25 years along the highway routes and in the sites of some major civil engineering projects in Jordan has led to the recognition of major factors that affect the stability of slopes, and thus the safety and economics of these projects. The geological formation, structural features, topographic characteristics, geometry, and climatic conditions were adopted as the basis for the classification of terrains in terms of their stability. Each factor has been assigned a rating to indicate its relative contribution to the overall stability according to engineering judgment and past experience. The areas have been classified into 5 groups according to their total stability rate. The simplicity, comprehensiveness, and accuracy are the main characteristics of the proposed classification. Its significance stems from its helpfulness as a guide to the geotechnical and highway engineers in assessing the overall stability of the alternative routes of proposed highway projects. Received: 3 December 1996 · Accepted: 29 April 1997     

IMP 8 magnetosheath field comparisons with models

This study presents cross-sectional vector maps of the magnetic field derived from IMP 8 magnetometer in the magnetosheath at 30 R_e behind the Earth. In addition the vector patterns of the magnetosheath field for northward, southward, and east-west interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) directions are qualitatively compared with those obtained from the Spreiter-Stahara gas dynamic (GD) and Fedder-Lyon magnetohydrodynamic models (MHD). The main purpose is to display the cross-sectional differences in relation to the dayside merging with different IMF directions, allowing the reader to make direct visual comparisons of the vector patterns. It is seen that for east-west IMF directions, the data-based and MHD-based patterns differ noticeably in a similar way from the GD model, presumably reflecting the influence of dayside magnetic merging of the Earths magnetic field with the y-component of the interplanetary magnetic field. All three northward IMF cross sections show comparable field draping patterns as expected for a closed magnetosphere. For southward IMF case, on the other hand, differences between the three cross-sectional patterns are greater as seen in the field vector sizes and directions, especially closer to the magnetopause where more disturbed magneto-spheric conditions are known to be exist. The data comparisons with the MHD and GD models show that the differences result from the magnetic field-flow coupling and that the effects of dayside reconnection are present in IMP 8 magnetic field measurements.     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

AMOS—Analysis of MOment Structures . James Arbuckle CLIMATEDATA–Summary of the Day . (Version 1.10). HYDRODATA–U.S.G.S. Daily Values (Version 2.0). The MAP SETS (includes EUROPEAN MAPSET, US MAPSET and WORLD MAPSET). James Taylor     

遥感影像专题图制作研究

遥感软件有强大的影像处理功能,地理信息软件有强大的矢量功能;由于遥感软件以国外进口软件为主,与国内常用的地理信息基础不适应。通过对遥感影像专题图的制作的研究,有效地解决了遥感软件和国产地理信息软件不匹配的问题,为各类遥感专题图制作提供了有效的技术方法。     

基于MicroStation V8的地形图更新与质检系统的开发

在MicroStation VBA环境下,对MicroStation V8进行二次开发,实现了一套基于MicroStation V8平台的多比例尺地形图要素更新与质检系统。该文着重阐述了该系统在处理点、线、面、注记、属性、出图效果及质量检查控制等方面的设计。通过二次开发,快速实现了地形图的更新与维护,并有利于质量的控制,符合入库要求。     

空三加密在数字摄影测量中的精度分析

该文结合章丘市1∶2000地形图绘制项目的具体实践,认为航空摄影测量产品误差来源主要为空三加密这一重要工序,影响空三加密精度的因素主要为：影像质量（分辨率、清晰度、重叠度）、像控点选取及精度、加密点的选取及加密解算方法、加密人员的经验等。找出影响空三加密精度的主要因素及解决办法,结合生产实践解决了1∶2000地形图绘制空三加密精度问题。     

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论证南海海疆国界线

追溯探查历史图件,根据1946年内政部方域司编制的一组"南海诸岛位置图"(南海诸岛位置图,南沙群岛,中沙群岛,西沙群岛,西沙群岛永兴岛及石岛,南沙群岛太平岛)和1948年出版的"中华民国行政区域图"分析,南海诸岛外围的断续线段是我国在南海的海疆国界线;当时划定,是与陆域国界相连的,海上国界是陆域国界的延伸,以断续线段表示是国际地图上对海疆国界线通用的表示方法,当时即获国际认可。上述结果为南海划界提供了科学依据。     

基于卫星遥感影像的1∶5000地形图修测探讨

地形图体现测量时的地形地貌,随着城市建设和自然风蚀的影响,其逐渐与实地现状不一致,故实施地形图修测很有必要。本文基于卫星遥感影像的地形图修测方法进行了具体试验,提出了具体思路和作业流程,对地形图快速修测方法进行了有益探索。