Life‐cycle cost assessment of RC and ECC frames using structural optimization

In this study life‐cycle cost (LCC) assessment of structural frames is performed. Two different materials, reinforced concrete (RC) and reinforced engineered cementitious composites (ECC), with different response characteristics are used to model the frames. ECC is characterized by high tensile ductility and energy absorption and reduced crack widths when compared to conventional concrete. However, the material is more expensive than conventional concrete; therefore, in order to quantify the potential benefits that could be obtained by replacing concrete with ECC, the life‐cycle performance is evaluated in an optimization framework. Three different structural frames are considered: an RC only frame, an ECC only frame and a multi‐material (MX) frame in which ECC is selectively applied at the potential plastic hinge locations while the remainder of the frame is made of RC. The structural capacity and earthquake demand are evaluated using rigorous analysis methods to capitalize on different characteristics of concrete and ECC, and both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties are incorporated into the LCC formulation. It is found that both the initial and LCC of frames that use ECC are lower due to savings in material and labor cost of transverse reinforcement for the former and due to increased capacity and reduced demand for the latter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

裂片石莼营养价值的评价及其多糖制备的初步研究

对采自福建的野生裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata)进行了分类学鉴定和营养价值评估;采用微波加热新方法,进一步研究了裂片石莼多糖提取工艺。研究结果表明,裂片石莼的总糖、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸和总脂含量分别为34.38%、27.60%、25.20%、11.70%;其必需氨基酸含量为10.0%,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)=79.77;裂片石莼的重金属元素含量达到国家海藻制品的限量标准。研究结果还表明,通过正交实验优化微波加热提取工艺,与传统加热提取工艺相比,裂片石莼多糖的得率提高了21.35%,而耗能降低了58.51%。     

用于地球物理反演的均匀设计优化算法

将均匀设计、模拟退火和单纯形方法相结合，提出一种全局优化迭代算法．数值模拟表明，它具有搜索速度快、搜索能力强和不需要求导数的特点，可用于地球物理反演研究．     

Prediction of Stellar Atmospheric Parameters using Instance-Based Machine Learning and Genetic Algorithms

In this article we present a method for the automated prediction of stellar atmospheric parameters from spectral indices. This method uses a genetic algorithm (GA) for the selection of relevant spectral indices and prototypical stars and predicts their properties, using the k-nearest neighbors method (KNN). We have applied the method to predict the effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, luminosity class and spectral class of stars from spectral indices. Our experimental results show that the feature selection performed by the genetic algorithm reduces the running time of KNN up to 92%, and the predictive accuracy error up to 35%. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

New Generation of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for the Area Cologne/Aachen Considering the Uncertainties of the Input Data

A new earthquake catalogue for central, northern and northwestern Europe with unified M_w magnitudes, in part derived from chi-square maximum likelihood regressions, forms the basis for seismic hazard calculations for the Lower Rhine Embayment. Uncertainties in the various input parameters are introduced, a detailed seismic zonation is performed and a recently developed technique for maximum expected magnitude estimation is adopted and quantified. Applying the logic tree algorithm, resulting hazard values with error estimates are obtained as fractile curves (median, 16% and 84% fractiles and mean) plotted for pga (peak ground acceleration; median values for Cologne 0.7 and 1.2 m/s² for probabilities of exceedence of 10% and 2%, respectively, in 50 years), 0.4 s (0.8 and 1.5 m/s²) and 1.0 s (0.3 and 0.5 m/s²) pseudoacclerations, and intensity (I₀ = 6.5 and 7.2). For the ground motion parameters, rock foundation is assumed. For the area near Cologne and Aachen, maps show the median and 84% fractile hazard for 2% probability of exceedence in 50 years based on pga (maximum median value about 1.5 m/s²), and 0.4 s (>2 m/s²) and 1.0 s (about 0.8 m/s²) pseudoaccelerations, all for rock. The pga 84% fractile map also has a maximum value above 2 m/s² and shows similarities with the median map for 0.4 s. In all maps, the maximum values fall within the area 6.2–6.3° E and 50.8–50.9° N, i.e., east of Aachen.     

乌鲁木齐—沙湾一带地震活动特点的初步研究

采用b值时间扫描及地震复发周期等统计方法,对乌鲁木齐至沙湾一带1977年以来的地震观测资料进行了计算分析。初步结果表明:研究区域内5.0级以上中强地震发生前,b值均出现不同程度的负异常。利用地震复发周期计算公式和未来地震震级定量计算公式,得到区内不同震级区间的平均复发周期及今后2年左右可能发生的最大地震震级。     

印尼热泉菌Bacillus sp. BI-3产琼胶酶的发酵条件优化

采用响应面法对1株高产琼胶酶的印度尼西亚热泉菌Bacillus sp. BI-3的发酵条件进行优化。首先以温度、pH、不同碳源、不同氮源、不同金属离子及接种量作为唯一变量进行单因素实验, 筛选出对酶活有显著影响的单因素取值范围; 参考单因素实验结果, 采用Plackett-Burman实验设计筛选出影响酶活主要因素, 再利用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析以确定最佳发酵条件。结果表明, D-甘露糖、氯化锶和氯化钙与酶活存在着显著的相关性, 通过求解回归方程得到Bacillus sp. BI-3的发酵条件系统优化的结果为: 酵母粉0.3%、D-甘露糖0.66%、蛋白胨0.6%、氯化钙7.21mmol/L、氯化锶6.00mmol/L、氯化钠添加量6‰、培养温度为55℃、接种量1%、初始pH 6.0, 优化后发酵上清液的酶活达到6.0U/mL, 比优化前提高了2.4倍。     

土耳其贝帕扎里采集卤钻井三期工程井组布置的优化设计

土耳其贝帕扎里采集卤钻井三期工程的井组布置设计是在一、二期矿区内利用部分现有井场、现有采集卤管线的基础上,采用了更加优化的三井井组、五井井组、双通道平行井组及复杂井组。此设计减少了投资、缩短了基建周期、便于生产管理,使资源得到更合理的开发利用,增大了矿区现有产能,更大满足了加工厂对卤水的需要。全矿区共布置15个溶采单元,共包括25个井组采矿通道,垂直井29口,水平井23口。     

川滇地区小震群活动与中强地震

本文对川滇地区自有地方台,网建立以来的21年间记录到的239次小震群进行了研究,发现Ms≥6.7级的强震绝大多数都发生在小震群年频度增高的背景上。并引用了归一化熵值K作为衡量震群序列中能量分布均匀度的特征量,分析了不同K值的震群与中强震发生的对应关系,发现K≥0.8的震群发生与Ms≥5.5的中强震发生的对应率为59.3%;虚报率为40.7%;漏报率约占14%。K<0.8的震群发生满足无震条件的约占56%。以上结果表明,用归一化熵值K≥0.8来区别前兆震群与一般震群,结果没有华北地区的那样显著。在川滇地区,要将所对应的强震震级提高到6.5级,结果才比较好。