EXPERIMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY STUDY ON GOLD IN WATER-ROCK REACTION UNDER THERMAL FLUID SYSTEM AT MESO-LOW TEMPERATURE

Based on the knowing geochemical characteristics of wall rock in the Mobin gold deposit and composition of fluid inclusion in ore,water-rock experiments were carried out,important achievements are acquired as following: Gold is mainly derived from the ore-bearing wall rock,i,e.,a series of epimetamorphic clastic gritstone,sandy slate,and tuffaceous slate in the Wuqiang Banxi Formation,Wuqiangxi Group.In thermal system with middle-low temperature chlorine gold may be derived form stable complex ions,so it is quite important in gold metallogenic process.Sulphur and chlorine perform as the major negative ions throughout the gold activation and migration movement.The concentration of sulphur and chlorine ions,pH value and temperature are of deciding significance for gold activation,migration and precipitation.     

Tectonics and Chemical Transport: The Rules of the Resource Game

The most basic solid earth resources for use by man include construction materials, energy resources, metals, ceramics, soils. With the exception of construction materials, the formation of economic mineral deposits and soils involves the thermal or gravity driven flow of various types of geofluids. The search for mineral deposits thus involves the understanding of the exact nature of fluids, their mass and flow patterns. Given the giant thermal disturbances associated with the formation and destruction of Gondwana, it must be no surprise that these regions contain very significant mineral resources on a large scale.     

用VOF方法模拟静止浅水环境中的垂向紊动射流

以k-ε紊流模型为基础,针对浅水环境垂向射流的水面会有明显突起情况,采用VOF(Volume of Fluid)方法追踪自由面,建立了适合浅水环境垂向平面紊动射流的二维数学模型.对不同入射速度、水深、入射口宽度组合进行了大量的数值模拟实验,对整个流场的分布作了分析,发现自由面的分布特点和速度矢量场的分布特点相对应;中轴线附近的自由面隆起具有自相似性,文中给出了拟合表达式;由于水面的阻滞,中轴线上垂向速度的衰减较自由射流快,衰减规律随水深和射流宽度而异.     

新疆阿尔泰塔拉特铁铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因

塔拉特铁铅锌矿位于新疆阿尔泰造山带南缘的阿巴宫多金属成矿带,矿体赋存于克兰盆地下泥盆统康布铁堡组中,为一套海相中酸性火山岩-火山碎屑岩、陆源碎屑沉积岩-碳酸盐岩建造,脉状矿体受阿巴宫大断裂次级断裂控制.根据矿物组合和脉体穿插关系,塔拉特铁铅锌矿可分为4个成矿阶段:矽卡岩,氧化物,硫化物和碳酸盐阶段,后3个阶段均有石英共生.其中,硫化物(方铅矿-闪锌矿±磁黄铁矿±黄铜矿)阶段是铅锌成矿的主要阶段.不同阶段石英中广泛发育流体包裹体,可分为水溶液包裹体(W型)、纯CO2包裹体(PC型)、CO2-NaCl-H2O包裹体(C型)及含子矿物多相包裹体(S型)4类.冷热台显微测温和激光拉曼分析表明,氧化物阶段石英含有4种类型的包裹体,以W型为主,C型和S型包裹体次之,包裹体均一温度介于271～ 426℃,W型和C型盐度范围0.5％～22.4％ NaCleqv,S型包裹体盐度30.5％ ～40.6％ NaCleqv;硫化物阶段的石英流体包裹体为W型、C型和PC型,均一温度为204 ～ 269℃,盐度介于0.2％～15.6％ NaCleqv之间;碳酸盐阶段的矿物只含W型包裹体,均一温度集中在175～211℃之间,盐度为1.1％ ～9.9％ NaCleqv.利用C型包裹体对硫化物阶段成矿压力估算,得到107 ～ 171MPa,对应深度为4～6km.塔拉特铁铅锌矿初始成矿流体具有高温、高盐度、富CO2的特征,但碳酸盐阶段低盐度、贫CO2,流体不混溶和混合作用导致了成矿物质的沉淀.塔拉特铁铅锌矿的地质和成矿流体特征显示其为碰撞造山体制形成的矽卡岩型成矿系统.     

大南盘江地区构造对油气藏破坏作用研究

大南盘江地区发育多套成熟烃源岩,具有良好的油气成藏条件。但由于烃源岩埋藏深、成熟早,成藏之后经历多期强烈的后期构造运动改造,先前形成的油气藏大都被破坏,导致目前地表出露多处古油藏和油气苗。多年的油气勘探证实,后期的构造运动对油气藏的破坏作用是制约该区油气勘探的关键问题。研究表明,大南盘江地区不同构造单元,油气藏的破坏因素不同。南盘江坳陷古油藏沿深大断裂分布,其破坏的主控因素是断裂活动;桂中坳陷古油藏和油气显示出露区缺失区域盖层,其破坏的主控因素是构造抬升剥蚀;十万大山盆地古油藏目前残留的烃类主要是固体沥青,镜质体反射率(Rb)大都落在2.0以上,推算经历的最高热解温度均大于200℃,而且古油藏的分布区也是印支期岩浆岩集中分布区,因此推断该区油气藏破坏的主控因素是岩浆活动。     

浙江遂昌地区金矿床矿物包裹体研究

对浙江遂昌地区所发现的金（银）矿床之矿物包裹体研究表明，其均一化温度多集中在１４０～２６０℃，成矿压力（０．２～０．６）×１０２ＭＰａ，气液比在５％～２７％。成矿流体为液态，矿液中主要有Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｂｉ，Ｋ，Ｎａ，Ｃａ，Ｓｉ．Ｍｇ，Ｈ２Ｏ，ＣＯ２．Ｃｌ，Ｆ，Ｓ，Ｍｎ，Ｌｉ．Ｔｉ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ等组分。成矿时的含矿流体呈弱酸性─中性（ｐＨ４．５６～５．１４），盐度较高（ＮａＣｌ（２０～３２）ｗＢ％）．根据这些特征，并综合其产出的大地构造环境及成矿地质条件，认为该区所产出的金（银）矿床在成因上属地洼型火山─次火山中（─低）温热液矿床。     

雅满苏铁矿床地质特征及成因浅析

雅满苏铁矿矿体的空间分布受成矿期断裂构造的控制，呈透镜状、舒缓波状延伸，分3个层位产出。铁矿的形成与火山热液活动关系密切，矿体中既有热液活动的特征又有矿质流体贯入的特征，早期热液活动形成交代充填型矿石，后期富铁流体贯入充填后形成品位较高的磁铁矿体。     

Hydrothermal Quartz Vein Formation, Revealed by Coupled SEM-CL Imaging and Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry: Shuteen Complex, South Gobi, Mongolia

Abstract. Scanning electron microscopy-cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) imaging of vein quartz in the Cu-mineralised, Shuteen Complex (South Gobi, Mongolia) has revealed a complex history of crystal growth, dissolution and microfracture healing, associated with several hydrothermal events that could not be detected using other observational techniques (e.g. transmitted/reflected light microscopy, back-scattered electron imaging, or secondary electron imaging).
The quartz initially grew as CL-bright/grey crystals in a 345±30C liquid reservoir, as inferred by the analysis of primary liquid fluid inclusions (average Th of 343C; 6.6∼7.7 wt% NaCl_eq). Quartz precipitation occurred at the edge of the crystals as reservoir fluids cooled to 260±25C, as indicated by micron-scale CL-dark/CL-bright quartz growth bands containing abundant fluid inclusions (with an average T_h values of 261C). Pressure fluctuations were the likely cause of dissolution, as SEM-CL imaging reveals the quartz have corroded or rounded crystal edges, and precipitation of later quartz into open space. SEM-CL imaging shows the quartz contains healed microfractures that trapped low salinity fluids (3.9 wt% NaC1_eq) with Th values of 173±15C.
SEM-CL imaging provides a means of deciphering the thermal and chemical evolution of the fossil Shuteen hydrothermal system, and the nature of hydrothermal quartz vein-forming processes, by facilitating the correlation of distinct fluid inclusion populations and their relative chronology, with specific hydrothermal events.     

四川省白玉县呷村-有热矿区成矿流体地球化学

四川省白玉县呷村银多金属矿床是我国著名的VMS型矿床之一,该矿床由西矿带热液流体补给通道相的脉状-网脉状矿化系统和东矿带的海底盆(洼)地卤水池喷气-化学沉积系统组成。有热矿床紧邻呷村矿床的南部,实质上是呷村矿带(体)的自然南延部分,具有相同的地质背景和成矿环境。本文分别对呷村西矿带、东矿带以及有热矿床进行了主成矿期石英的流体包裹体测试和氢、氧同位素分析以及硫化物的硫同位素分析。显微测温结果显示,呷村矿床从西矿带到东矿带,即由深部向浅部表现为成矿温度下降(258.0～209.8℃),流体的盐度略变小(4.42%～4.18%NaCleqv),而流体的密度增大(0.816～0.894g/cm3),并且有热矿床成矿流体特征(平均成矿温度为244.3℃;平均盐度为4.71%NaCleqv;平均密度为0.841g/cm3)与呷村西矿带流体特征更类似。显微激光拉曼光谱分析显示流体包裹体的液相成分主要为H2O,气相成分为H2O、CO2、N2以及CH4。氢、氧同位素研究显示,成矿流体为海水和岩浆水的混合流体。硫同位素分析结果表明,呷村西矿带(δ34S平均值为-3.65‰)与呷村东矿带的硫(δ34S平均值为-0.68‰)和有热矿床(δ34S平均值为-3.74‰)的硫都由深部岩浆提供,并且有热矿床与呷村西矿带的硫同位素特征更类似。成矿流体物理化学特征和同位素示踪结果表明,有热矿床目前已知矿体可与呷村西矿带对比,暗示可能存在尚未发现的类似呷村东矿带的富矿体。呷村-有热矿区的成矿机制为:在海水对流的成矿模式下,由岩浆水和海水混合而成的成矿流体,携带来自岩浆来源的成矿物质,自下而上向上运移和循环,在热液补给通道和海底发生淀积作用,形成脉状-网脉状矿体和块状矿体。     

Thermal simulation of basic volcanic fluid influence on different source rocks

Based on thermal simulation experiment, interactions between volcanic fluids and source rocks were studied. Gas generations in the dry system and fluid system under different temperatures were analyzed. The results showed that the various types of source rocks are similar in composition, containing gaseous C1-C5 hydrocarbons, H2 and CO2 whose gas yields increase with increasing temperature. The gas yield of source rocks of type I is the high- est, followed by type II, and that of source rocks of type III is the lowest, indicating that the yield of hydrocarbon gases is related to their hydrocarbon generating potential. Although the generating potential of type III is the lowest, it can still be regarded as a useful gas source when it is buried deeply enough. The basic volcanic fluid restrains the generation of gaseous hydrocarbons in different types of source rocks, but promotes the generation of inorganic gases.