AIEM模型在积雪散射模拟中的应用

 介绍一种基于一阶辐射传输的积雪散射模型。该模型考虑了积雪覆盖地表微波散射的3种回波分量： 雪层表面散射、下垫面散射以及雪层体散射。对于其中2个面散射分量，文章中应用一种新的面散射模型——AIEM取代原有的IEM模型进行处理。最后，使用Michigan大学的实测数据对改进后模型的模拟结果进行验证，并与改进前的模拟结果进行了对比。     

间歇侧移式的裂陷与递进跳跃式的反转：以阜新煤盆地为例

位于闾山背斜隆起核部西侧的阜新断陷盆地从早白垩世义县组晚期开始，在东西两侧盆缘的Ｆ″１、Ｆ２断层所、围限的地堑内接受了义县组上部中性火山岩的堆积。火山喷发停止后，九佛堂组的大陆碎屑岩建造仍在Ｆ″１和Ｆ２断层之间的地堑内充填。九佛堂裂陷期之后该区地壳掀斜隆升，盆地南侧的义县地区开始反转抬升而不再接受沉积，西缘的Ｆ２断层也停止活动。到沙海组充填时盆地已演化为受Ｆ″１断层控制的、东断西超的半地堑盆地；沙海期裂陷终止后Ｆ″１断层停止活动，阜新组裂陷是在向东移的Ｆ′１盆缘断层控制下半地堑内发育的。阜新期裂陷结束后盆地又发生了一次跳跃式的反转，许多正断层发育成上逆下正的复合断层，并出现正花状构造。中白垩世孙家湾组的沉陷进一步向东侧移，形成了以Ｆ１断层为盆缘断层的半地堑；孙家湾期后发生本区最强烈的整体反转、隆升和褶断，结束了盆地的演化历史。阜新盆地间歇侧移式的裂陷与递进跳跃式的反转为盆地反转建立一个新的构造模式     

GPS控制网环检验程序的设计

在GPS控制测量中,环检验是个不可或缺的步骤,其目的在于及时发现粗差,控制整网的精度。本文通过设计一个环检验程序,从算法角度讨论了手工检验和自动检验的具体实现,并详细介绍了针对复杂网形控制网构环算法的优化,保证了程序的可靠性和稳健性。     

利用多角度POLDER偏振资料实现陆地上空大气气溶胶光学厚度和地表反照率的同时反演 I. 理论与模拟

陆地上空标量辐射对地表反射率和大气气溶胶散射都具有很强的敏感性,而偏振反射只对大气气溶胶敏感,对地表不敏感。根据这个原理并结合POLDER(POLarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectance)资料的特点,作者提出综合利用标量辐射和偏振反射信息来实现陆地上空大气气溶胶和地表反照率的同时反演。首先,利用多角度偏振辐射观测提取大气气溶胶光学参数,再利用标量辐射测量对偏振反演结果作进一步筛选和订正,同时获得地表反射率。数值模拟试验结果证明,仅利用偏振信息只能获取大气气溶胶信息,而且其结果误差较大,特别是对于散射作用较强的短波长通道如670 nm误差更大,但经过标量辐射订正后的结果得到明显改善,气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率与真实值之间相关系数都达到0.99以上。为提高查找表的计算效率,提出并建立了反演方案所需要的半参数化数值表,利用内插方法寻求气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率的数值解的反演方法。     

Atmospheric hydrological budget with its effects over Tibetan Plateau

1IntroductionThe Tibetan Plateau is the most prominent feature located at unique latitudes in the world and shows special dynamic and thermal effects, thus responsible for a conspicuous hydrological cycle in the atmosphere within Asian monsoon areas, and an extremely sensitive region of land-air interactions in East Asia. A lot of researches have dealt with Tibetan dynamic and thermal effects on atmospheric circulation (Ye and Gao, 1979; Zhang etal., 1988; Ye and Fang, 1999; Zheng etal., 2…     

Atmospheric hydrological budget with its effects over Tibetan Plateau

Based on 1961-2000 NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis datasets, vapor transfer and hydrological budget over the Tibetan Plateau are investigated. The Plateau is a vapor sink all the year round. In summer, vapor is convergent in lower levels (from surface to 500 hPa) and divergent in upper levels (from 400 to 300 hPa), with 450 hPa referred to as level of non-divergence. Two levels have different hydrologic budget signatures: the budget is negative at the upper levels from February to November, i.e., vapor transfers from the upper levels over the plateau; as to the lower, the negative (positive) budget occurs during the winter (summer) half year. Evidence also indicates that Tibetan Plateau is a "vapor transition belt", vapor from the south and the west is transferred from lower to upper levels there in summer, which will affect surrounding regions, including eastern China, especially, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze. Vapor transfer exerts significant influence on precipitation in summertime months. Vapor transferred from the upper layers helps humidify eastern China, with coefficient -0.3 of the upper budget to the precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze (MLRY); also, vapor transferred from east side (27.5o-32.5oN) of the upper level has remarkable relationship with precipitation, the coefficient being 0.41. The convergence of the lower level vapor has great effects on the local precipitation over the plateau, with coefficient reaching 0.44, and the vapor passage affects the advance and retreat of the rainbelt. In general, atmospheric hydrologic budget and vapor transfer over the plateau have noticeable effects on precipitation of the target region as well as the ambient areas.     

Community turnover provides insight into variable invertebrate recovery between restored streams with different integrated catchment management plans

ABSTRACT

Understanding temporal patterns in restored environments is important for identifying potential barriers to recovery and improved management of degraded habitats. In this paper, we use temporal beta diversity analyses to compare invertebrate community recovery trajectories in three restored agricultural stream sites under different integrated catchment plans, a native forest reference site, and two unmodified pasture control stream sites over 24 years. The restored sites diverged from their initial community composition over time and became more similar to the reference site community, which was relatively stable over time. Variation partitioning showed that prior to restoration beta diversity was primarily associated with environmental and spatial drivers, whereas post-restoration beta diversity was more influenced by temporal and environmental drivers, including changes in substrate size, fine sediments, water clarity, and nutrients, as well as temperature and flow regime. Species’ contributions to beta diversity varied between sites and years, with sensitive EPT taxa contributing more in reference and control sites. However, contributions of some EPT species, particularly mayflies, increased in restored sites post-ICM. In summary, after nearly two decades of ICM, restored stream sites show recovery towards reference conditions, yet differences persist, indicating that rehabilitation may take longer, depending on the restoration goals.     

kSZ from patchy reionization: The view from the simulations

We present the first calculation of the kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect due to the inhomogeneus reionization of the universe based on detailed large-scale radiative transfer simulations of reionization. The resulting sky power spectra peak at ℓ = 2000–8000 with maximum values of [ℓ(ℓ + 1)C_ℓ/(2π)]_max  4–7 × 10 ⁻¹³. The scale roughly corresponds to the typical ionized bubble sizes observed in our simulations, of 5–20 Mpc. The kSZ anisotropy signal from reionization dominates the primary CMB signal above ℓ = 3000. At large-scales the patchy kSZ signal depends only on the source efficiencies. It is higher when sources are more efficient at producing ionizing photons, since such sources produce larger ionized regions, on average, than less efficient sources. The introduction of sub-grid gas clumping in the radiative transfer simulations produce significantly more power at small-scales, but has little effect at large-scales. The patchy reionization kSZ signal is dominated by the post-reionization signal from fully-ionized gas, but the two contributions are of similar order at scales ℓ  3000 − 10⁴, indicating that the kSZ anisotropies from reionization are an important component of the total kSZ signal at these scales.     

计算流体地球化学研究的进展

成矿作用的化学机理可以通过实验和计算机模拟进行研究。随着计算机运算能力的不断增强 ,在地球化学中正在形成一门新兴学科———计算地球化学。其中热质输运模拟、化学质量迁移数值模拟和流体输运化学反应耦合动力学研究取得了显著进展。建立在Darcy定律和守恒方程基础上的多孔介质热质输运模拟通过流函数图、等温线图及速率矢量图等 ,从古水文学和流体地球化学方面高度动态研究成矿作用。根据化学和热力学原理进行的化学质量迁移数值模拟则通过矿物和流体中化学物种的热力学数据 ,预测多组分体系中发生的流体岩石相互作用 ,定量揭示经历了复杂化学反应进程的成矿作用的化学行为。将上述两方面结合的流体输运化学反应耦合动力学 ,可以从时间和空间上模拟真实成矿流体系统复杂的动力学行为 ,是计算流体地球化学的发展方向。     

渤东凹陷东南斜坡构造变换带识别及其石油地质意义

根据渤东凹陷斜坡带新钻井以及新采集的三维地震等勘探资料,采用构造样式解剖、断裂分析以及油气成藏规律分析等方法研究构造变换带特征及其石油地质意义。结果表明,渤东凹陷东南斜坡带上存在构造变换带,此变换带具有调节局部构造变形和分割构造带的作用,把斜坡带分割为西、中、东3个整体呈NE向的似花状构造带。变换带对于明下段极浅水三角洲沉积体展布具有一定控制作用,是砂体形成岩性尖灭的有利场所,同时,近SN向变换断层对NEE向断裂的封堵易形成构造圈闭、构造—岩性圈闭,具有较大的勘探潜力。3个似花状构造带的南部3条断层的断面与地层呈顺向配置,形成断面汇聚脊到顺向地层的优势运移路径,同时受到南部呈雁行排列的密集断裂带的阻挡,形成了研究区一条似花状构造内部的优势运聚范围,最终在渤东凹陷东南斜坡带上形成密集断裂带横向遮挡的主控断层—地层产状耦合油气富集模式。