Land-sea correlations in the Australian region: 460 ka of changes recorded in a deep-sea core offshore Tasmania. Part 1: the pollen record

Long, well-dated records of climate change in Australia are rare because most of the continent is prone to deflation and sediments are difficult to date beyond 40?ka. Deep-sea cores, containing terrigenous material, provide an ideal alternative to terrestrial records, because of continuous sedimentation and a robust chronology derived from oxygen isotopes. In this paper, the first of a series of two, we present pollen and spores data from core Fr1/94-GC3 from the East Tasman Plateau. This core is positioned at the southern extreme of the East Australia Current and simultaneously records changes in both oceanography and environments both offshore and in southeastern Australia. In an area of slow sedimentation, this core provides a continuous record of vegetation change in southeastern Australia and the southern Tasman Sea over approximately the last half a million years. Through time, glacial periods have progressively become warmer and shorter. Alpine plant taxa become more restricted with time and rainforest taxa expand to a far more restricted degree during the present interglacial period than the previous one, representing a fundamental shift in the vegetation of Tasmania. We apply transfer functions to reconstruct past rainfall and land temperatures based on the palynoflora that are then compared against the marine proxy record.     

Seismic evaluation of the shear behavior in reinforced concrete bridge columns including effect of vertical accelerations

The effect of vertical excitation on shear capacity of reinforced concrete columns is important. Field evidences, analytical studies and static or hybrid simulations suggested that excessive tension or tensile strain of the column may lead to shear strength degradation, and therefore vertical excitation can be one of the causes of shear failure. This paper describes an experimental study consisting of shaking table tests on reduced‐scale bridge columns. Results of the tests indicate that tension in the columns has the potential to degrade the shear capacity, which is mainly due to the degradation of the concrete contribution to this capacity. The presented computational results and code evaluations also support this shear strength degradation. The presented dynamic tests contribute to better understanding of the effect of vertical excitation on the shear failure, which is one of the most critical brittle failure mechanisms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于两阶段法的堆载对公路桥梁桩基础影响分析

首先基于布西奈斯克解,将表面作用有集中荷载时半无限弹性体的应力变形解在荷载作用区域利用复合辛普森公式进行数值积分,得到了表面处于不同形式的分布荷载作用下土体自由场水平及竖直方向应力和变形的计算公式。结合有限差分法及Mindlin位移解分别推导出弹性地基中桩顶作用有集中荷载时单桩桩、土单元的位移,两者结合便得到主动桩的分析方法。通过将堆载作用下的土体自由场位移施加于桩上把上述自由场分析及主动桩分析结合起来,推导出堆载作用下被动单桩的竖向和水平向承载特性的分析方法。选取地表附近作用有矩形均布荷载的计算工况,通过与有限元计算结果的对比验证了所提出的分析方法的正确性;将所提出的方法计算结果与某处工程案例中实测数据结果进行对比,分析表明利用该方法分析堆载对邻近桩基的水平及竖向影响是合理可靠的。     

特殊复杂场地条件下桥梁结构地震易损性研究现状及发展趋势分析

考虑到桥梁地震易损性分析中场地条件影响的不确定性,本文主要针对流水冲刷环境、可液化场地、近断层场地、氯盐侵蚀环境和冻土场地等特殊复杂场地条件对桥梁结构地震易损性的影响特征和机理进行了总结归纳,并提出了尚待进一步研究的关键问题.结果 表明:特殊场地地震响应的复杂性和桥梁结构的特殊性相叠加,给复杂场地条件下桥梁的抗震性能评...     

Effect of dynamic soil–bridge interaction modeling assumptions on the calculated seismic response of integral bridges

In this study, the effect of soil–structure modeling assumptions and simplifications on the seismic analyses results of integral bridges (IBs) is investigated. For this purpose, five structural models of IBs are built in decreasing levels of complexity starting from a nonlinear structural model including close numerical simulation of the behavior of the foundation and backfill soil and gradually simplifying the model to a level where the effect of backfill and foundation soil is totally excluded. Nonlinear time history analyses of the modeled IBs are then conducted using a set of ground motions with various intensities representing small, medium and large intensity earthquakes. The analyses results are then used to assess the effect of modeling complexity level on the calculated seismic response of IBs. The nonlinear soil-bridge interaction modeling assumptions are found to have considerable effects on the calculated seismic response of IBs under medium and large intensity earthquakes.     

珠江黄埔大桥强震动监测和警报系统

首先引出在大型桥梁上开展强震观测应用的重要性,进而介绍在珠江黄埔大桥上布设强震动监测和警报系统的设计思路和方案,最后介绍系统使用的预期效果,达到桥梁震动报警、损伤判定、模态参数更新、时程数据捕获分析等目的.     

基于分布式应变监测的大跨度斜拉桥结构损伤探测

结构损伤具有典型的局部性质,通常表现为局部应变的异常。结构应变的分布式监测与损伤敏感特征分析,是实现大跨桥梁损伤探测与定位的理想途径之一。但是,由于环境噪声的影响,对分布式应变信号的监测往往不能准确反映结构出现的损伤状况。因此,提出了通过小波变换对分布式光纤测试的斜拉桥桥面应变分布进行多尺度分析的方法。这种方法可以克服分布式光纤应变监测信号受观测噪声和空间分辨率平均效应的不利影响,准确地确定空间域信号奇异点在桥面的位置。同时,在实验室建立了比尺为1∶150的模型斜拉桥。通过对斜拉桥数值模型与物理模型试验结果的分析和比较,验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

板式支座与铅芯支座连续梁桥振动台试验对比分析

通过对分别采用板式支座和铅芯支座的2座3跨连续梁桥模型进行振动台试验,对比分析了这2类桥梁的动力特性、破坏过程及2种支座对连续梁桥地震反应的影响。研究结果表明：地震波特性对桥梁结构的地震反应有较大影响,在对桥梁结构进行抗震设计时,需选择合理的地震动输入;在地震强度较小时,板式支座的滑动能够起到一定的隔震效果,铅芯支座的隔震性能能得到较好的发挥;在地震强度较大时,铅芯支座的隔震性能不能得到很好的发挥,采用铅芯支座的桥梁地震反应不一定小于普通桥梁;通过合理的设计,2类桥梁都完全可以实现大震不倒的设防目标。     

基于实测车流的悬索桥吊杆钢丝寿命期内的疲劳评定

将过桥实测车流数据与数值模拟分析结合起来,以江阴大桥的吊杆为研究对象,考虑不同车道对吊杆疲劳寿命的影响,建立了大跨度悬索桥疲劳车辆荷载模型和吊杆钢丝寿命期内的疲劳评估实用方法以及基于S-N曲线的吊杆寿命期内的疲劳损伤评定方法。研究结果表明,跨中短吊杆的疲劳退化快于桥塔附近的长吊杆,短吊杆是疲劳养护的重点;在吊杆的20年寿命期内,不需要考虑疲劳更换,但需要对跨中短吊杆采取监视措施。该方法可用于悬索桥吊索的安全评估与剩余寿命分析,能为吊杆的检测、维护与管理提供决策依据。