重力式幕墙加预应力锚杆及钻孔小桩组合基坑支护体系

采用重力式幕墙加预应力锚杆及钻孔小桩组合基坑支护体系 ,方法简单 ,既节省投资 ,又可保证工期 ,且止水效果相当好。     

Seismic Hazard of Honduras

In this paper we have described the proceduresused, input data applied and results achieved in ourefforts to develop seismic hazard maps of Honduras.The probabilistic methodology of Cornell is employed.Numerical calculations were carried out by making useof the computer code SEISRISK III. To examine theimpact of uncertainties in seismic and structuralcharacteristics, the logic tree formalism has beenused. We compiled a de-clustered earthquake cataloguefor the region comprising 1919 earthquakes occurringduring the period from 1963 to 1997. Unified momentmagnitudes were introduced. Definition of aseismotectonic model of the whole region under review,based on geologic, tectonic and seismic information,led to the definition of seven seismogenetic zones forwhich seismic characteristics were determined. Fourdifferent attenuation models were considered. Resultsare expressed in a series of maps of expected PGA for60% and 90% probabilities of nonexceedence in a50-year interval which corresponds to return periodsof 100 and 475 years, respectively. The highest PGAvalues of about 0.4g (90% probability ofnon-exceedence) are expected along the borders withGuatemala and El Salvador.     

Reconstruction of the Past Climate From Tree Rings Over Western Himalaya, India

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PAST CLIMATE FROM TREE RINGS OVER WESTERN HIMALAYA, INDIA     

地震多重分形计算的最小生成树法

目前地震分形计算的方法很多,但各方法或多或少都存在一些问题．本文引入一种地震分形计算的新方法——最小生成树法（minimal spanning tree）,对其算法作了重要的修改,并通过对乌什、乌苏、唐山和海城4个区域震例的研究,得出大震前后地震时空分布多重分形谱由集中变疏张,反映了分形结构复杂性的增加、地震时空分布不均匀性的增加．由点集的数值模拟表明:强震前后多重分形谱变化的物理本质是地震分布由均一到不均一,由简单到复杂的变化过程．      

河西走廊园林绿化树种选择及综合性能数量化评价

树种选取是城镇实现"绿化、美化、净化、香化、彩化"和持续发展的前提, 对于干旱沙区的城镇更为重要。现依据"适地适树、结构自然、突出特色、丰富多彩、功能优化"的原则, 采用层次分析法综合评判和选择确定甘肃河西城镇绿化的基调树种12种、骨干树种41种、一般树种54种、边缘树种47种。基调树种中有常绿乔木2种、落叶乔木7种、落叶灌木1种, 属于乡土树种的7种, 外来树种近占一半; 骨干树种中有常绿树种3种(乔木1种)、落叶乔木24种、落叶灌木14种, 属于乡土树种的14种, 外引树种占其3/4。     

中国沙漠植物区系相似性的数值分析

应用Jaccard相似系数对中国沙漠植物区系进行了聚类分析。结果表明,可以将20个沙漠植物区系划归入蒙古沙漠植物区、西北沙漠植物区和华北沙漠植物区。根据科、属和种相似性系数的系统聚类结果,柴达木盆地、河西走廊、祁连山山前及腾格里沙漠边缘和吐-哈盆地相对较为孤立。区系相似性数值分析结果基本符合各地区植物区系存在的特点,与传统的典型植被划分结论相一致。     

树轮中不同有机组分的可迁移性:碳同位素限定

逐轮剥离所取中国红松(Pinuskoraiensis)树盘中最近34a(1958—1991年)的年轮,粉碎后皂化分离出正己烷可溶部分、二氯甲烷可溶部分(沥青质)、不可皂化部分和纤维素,分别测定这四种物质的稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)。虽然最近18~21a期间,前两种物质的碳同位素组成年际变化明显,但与后两种物质的碳同位素组成的正相关均没有达到显著性水平。而18~21a之前所形成树轮的前两种物质的碳同位素组成在碳同位素分析总精度范围内(±0.1‰)不呈现年际变化;与之相反,不可皂化部分和纤维素的碳同位素组成具有明显的年际变化并且在任何阶段均呈现高度显著正相关(如r=0.978,n=34,p<0.001)。这表明可皂化类脂在树轮间是可迁移的,至少经过18~21a的不同年形成的类脂的混合,其碳同位素组成逐步均一化。因此,树轮可皂化类脂的碳同位素组成(恐怕也包括氢、氧同位素组成)不能用来解译过去气候变化,全木因为含有可皂化类脂也不宜作为稳定同位素分析的目标物质。     

Mapping global forest biomass and its changes over the first decade of the 21st century

Forests played an important role in carbon sequestration during the past two decades. Using a model tree ensemble method(MTE) to regress the seven reflectance bands of EOS-Terra-MODIS satellite data against country level forest biomass carbon density(BCD) of 2001–2005 provided by United Nations' s Forest Resource Assessment(FRA), we developed a global map of forest BCD at 1 km×1 km resolution for both 2001–2005 and 2006–2010. For 2006–2010, the total global forest biomass carbon stock is estimated as 279.6±7.1 Pg C, and the tropical forest biomass carbon stock is estimated as 174.4±5.4 Pg C. During the first decade of the 21 st century, we estimated an increase of global forest biomass of 0.28±0.75 Pg C yr^-1. Tropical forest biomass carbon stock slightly decreased(-0.31±0.60 Pg C yr^-1); by contrast, temperate and boreal forest biomass increased(0.58±0.28 Pg C yr^-1) during the same period. Our estimation of the global forest biomass carbon stock and its changes is subject to uncertainties due to lack of extensive ground measurements in the tropics, spatial heterogeneity in large countries, and different definitions of forest. The continuously monitoring of forest biomass carbon stock with MODIS satellite data will provide useful information for detecting forest changes.     

基于遥感影像纹理信息的湖泊围网养殖区提取

中国东部许多湖泊被人为围网养殖开发,高密度的围网养殖区较容易导致湖泊富营养化和水质恶化,因此人们利用遥感数据开展了湖泊围网养殖区的调查研究．对于湖泊围网养殖区的提取大多采用多光谱分类或目视解译手工数字化,多光谱分类围网养殖区和自然水体易于混淆,而手工数字化对于大区域提取工作量比较大.论文提出了基于遥感影像纹理信息的湖泊围网养殖区提取方法,事实证明此方法易于实现且提取精度高．该文选用中巴资源卫星02星多光谱数据,以白马湖为试验区,首先采用归一化差值植被指数提取水体及少部分光谱特征与之相似的人工建筑物和裸土,再采用主成份分析对研究区影像进行数据压缩和几何信息增强,利用灰度共生矩阵对影像纹理信息进行分析,以均值为量化指标,确定其最佳阈值,最后以决策树分类方法提取湖泊围网养殖区．     

海底地貌制图中拓扑关系的建立

为完成海洋项目总图编绘任务,在海底成图系统MBChart的基础上进行技术开发,提出面向海底地貌图编制的拓扑构建流程:通过曲线自相交、互相交来判断和删除悬挂弧段等操作,编辑不满足拓扑构建要求的弧段;以角度为序构建弧段的结点网络,建立弧段与结点间的双向联系;以结点为序跟踪相关弧段,构建封闭拓扑面;按照最小包围框初步建立各拓扑面间的嵌套关系,用射线法或转角法排除假嵌套关系,建立完整的拓扑树结构;在MBChart软件平台基础上,采用人机交互的方式编辑已构建的拓扑面,按照规范要求实现地貌图填色.已采用该技术方案完成海洋项目总图和《南海图集》中海底地貌图的编绘工作,同时该项技术还有望应用到地学研究的可视化展示和定量运算.