Application of a Coupled Land Surface-Hydrological Model to Flood Simulation in the Huaihe River Basin of China

A hydrological simulation in the Huaihe River Basin（HRB） was investigated using two different models： a coupled land surface hydrological model（CLHMS）, and a large-scale hydrological model（LSX-HMS）. The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset and observed precipitation data were used as meteorological inputs. The simulation results from both models were compared in terms of flood processes forecasting during high flow periods in the summers of 2003 and 2007, and partial high flow periods in 2000. The comparison results showed that the simulated streamflow by CLHMS model agreed well with the observations with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients larger than 0.76, in both periods of 2000 at Lutaizi and Bengbu stations in the HRB, while the skill of the LSX-HMS model was relatively poor. The simulation results for the high flow periods in 2003 and 2007 suggested that the CLHMS model can simulate both the peak time and intensity of the hydrological processes, while the LSX-HMS model provides a delayed flood peak. These results demonstrated the importance of considering the coupling between the land surface and hydrological module in achieving better predictions for hydrological processes, and CLHMS was proven to be a promising model for future applications in flood simulation and forecasting.     

冲绳海槽海底地形的补偿模式研究Ⅱ.冲绳海槽均衡响应函数的地质解释

本文从区域补偿模式和实验均衡理论出发,利用重力和地形资料计算了冲绳海槽的均衡响应函数.结果表明,冲绳海槽南段弹性板有效厚度和补偿深度明显大于中段.结合其他地质地球物理资料解释认为,产生这种差异的原因主要是南、中两段岩石圈温度和补偿机制的不同所致.     

波浪在陡坡上的传播变形

利用数值方法和物理模型分析以反射为主的陡坡上波浪传播变形特性。数值方法采用标记单元法,为处理倾斜反射边界对斜坡前波浪运动的影响,提出了“台阶镜像法”。通过1：1．5光滑斜坡上物理模型试验,分析了不完全立波的运动特性,说明强反射光滑陡坡坡前波浪运动呈明显的立波状态,它与直墙反射的主要差别是被前第一波节点和腹点位置向岸推移。本试验得到的波浪反射、爬高和回落特征值与港口工程规范给定结果接近。     

Biogeographic characterization of Mediterranean and Black Seas faunal provinces using GIS procedures

To identify Mediterranean and Black Seas areas where similar marine faunal provinces occur, geographical distribution maps of 536 species of actual or potential interest to fisheries have been digitized, using GIS software, and three different ecological areas have been delimited by depth, separated by the 200 and 1000 m isobaths. Information on the species ranges was taken mainly from the maps and the texts of the FAO Species Identification Sheets covering the region, and complemented by other sources when necessary. All the distribution maps have then been overlaid by a grid of points at regular intervals every half degree of latitude and longitude. This allowed creation of a matrix of presence or absence of the species at each point from which species richness maps have been generated. The species richness in the Mediterranean proper shows the same negative gradient eastwards that has been observed for nutrients, while the low number of species in the Black Sea could be linked to the fragility and recent fast degradation of this ecosystem. Through the calculation of 65 dissimilarity indices from 50 contiguous points along the coastline and the species richness maps, the region has been divided into nine faunal provinces. These faunal provinces have then been compared with the ten Mediterranean and Black Seas divisions used by the GFCM for statistical purposes, revealing few differences between the two classifications. The definition of faunal provinces in a region when deciding upon Natural Management Areas, and the appropriate GIS approach to be followed, are discussed.     

泡沫泥浆钻进工艺及护壁堵漏机理研究

介绍了所研制的ＤＦ－１型泡沫剂组分及性能；对泡沫泥浆钻进的配方进行了研究，得出的最优配方应用于现场，取得了较好的效果，并对泡沫泥浆的护壁机理进行了研究。     

透镜体油气成藏机理研究现状与发展趋势

随着石油勘探研究的不断深入,砂岩透镜体油藏日益受到重视。国内外学者提出了多种成藏机制,包括未知重力运动机制作用下,少数流体分子的个别特性控制透镜状砂岩油藏聚集;毛细管力作用下油气替换透镜体中的孔隙水;烃浓度差是油气向砂体运移的主要动力;流体压力差使油气首先沿着裂隙向砂岩透镜体中运移、聚集而成藏;差异突破作用使砂岩透镜体成藏等。成藏动力学、成藏模式及主控因素、定量研究、物理模拟实验、数值模拟及分布预测等将是今后发展的方向。     

云南墨江金厂金矿床成岩成矿年龄研究

墨江金厂是一个类型比较特殊的大型金矿床，与超基性蛇绿岩具有密切成因联系。其成岩成矿时代问题尚有不同认识，通过同位素年龄资料对比，认为金矿成矿母岩－蛇绿岩体是加里东晚期的产物；通过^40Ar-^39Ar法和其他方法的年龄测定以及野外对各类金矿化石英脉的对比研究，认为从海西至喜马拉雅期均有不同程度的金矿化。该矿床为多期次、多阶段叠加富集成矿。     

油气化探中甲烷碳同位素应用、存在问题与对策研究

阐述了在地表油气化探实践当中甲烷碳同位素对地表土壤烃气成因判别的有效性，但有时也会遇到判断错误的情况。通过对应用实例的分析，指出因忽略了土壤中异常甲烷是一种混合成因甲烷，从而导致判断失误。为全面解决这一问题，提出了同时选送数量相当的背景土壤样品和异常样品进行甲烷同位素测定，然后通过教学方法计算出真实反映来源于油气藏中的甲烷的碳同位素值的对策方案。     

塔里木盆地肖尔布拉克剖面下寒武统底部硅质岩微量元素和稀土元素地球化学及其沉积背景

对塔里木盆地北部肖尔布拉克寒武系露头剖面中 8.8m厚的黑色页岩夹硅质岩组合中的硅质岩的系统采样分析表明,该硅质岩具有深源成因特征。其低的Th/U和Rb/Sr比也证明了其沉积时所具有的深部物源和热水注入迹象。硅质岩的稀土元素经北美页岩标准化后的Ce/Ce 从 0.4 2到 0.79,平均 0.5 7。Ce的负异常明显。这些稀土元素的参数特征与加利福尼亚弗朗希斯科杂岩 (FranciscanComplex)中沉积在大洋海底硅质岩的稀土元素特征十分相似。北美页岩标准化后的Eu/Eu 值从 8.0 5下降到 1.0 3。其相对较高的Eu/Eu 值很有可能反映了热水的注入。Eu/Eu 值从剖面底部到顶部的系统降低反映了剖面底部的热水作用最强烈,向上热水作用逐渐减弱。上述一系列的地球化学标志指示该硅质岩应沉积在离洋中脊不远的、具有深源物质/热水注入的远洋盆地背景中。结合区域地质和伴生黑色页岩地球化学的综合分析认为,该套硅质岩的形成与上升洋流的影响有关。上升洋流将形成于大洋盆地背景中的物质带到大陆边缘陆棚环境中发生沉积,造成了沉积在陆棚环境中的硅质岩,在地球化学组成上保留了其大洋盆地背景的特征     

基于水热平衡原理的塔里木河下游绿洲适宜规模分析

结合近40 a水文气象资料,基于水热平衡原理,构建模型,分析和讨论了20世纪70、80、90年代以及2000年以来塔里木河下游绿洲适宜规模与耕地面积,并结合相应不同时期的遥感影像,对各时期实际绿洲规模进行了比较。结果表明：近40 a来,塔里木河下游绿洲适宜规模和耕地规模趋于收缩,但2000年以后有所扩大;20世纪80年代的绿洲耕地面积与计算得出的适宜耕地规模基本平衡,之后严重超出绿洲承载能力,2009年超出幅度达1.22×10⁴ hm²;耕地面积过大已导致塔里木河下游绿洲进入了不稳定状态,当前应采取措施适度缩小绿洲规模,并及时有效地控制耕地面积。