地籍测量教学若干问题探讨

地籍测量是测绘工程专业的专业课之一，也是土地资源管理专业的骨干课程。本文针对测绘工程专业，介绍该课程理论教学及实践教学内容与实施方案。对构建和完善地籍测量教学体系进行初步探讨和研究。     

利用ASAR图像监测土壤含水量和小麦覆盖度

以高级合成孔径雷达（ASAR）影像数据和地面实测数据为基础，分析了裸土、低覆盖（覆盖度为0．2左右）冬小麦麦地的后向散射与土壤含水量、地表粗糙度及小麦覆盖度之间的关系，探讨了裸土和冬小麦麦地土壤含水量及小麦覆盖度的反演方法。分析结果表明：①裸土后向散射系数受地表粗糙度和土壤质地的综合影响较大，裸土的后向散射和土壤含水量正相关关系未达显著，反演裸土土壤含水量必须考虑这两个因素的影响。②冬小麦麦地两种极化后向散射对土壤含水量和小麦覆盖度的敏感性差异明显。由于小麦植株与土壤的水平同极化后向散射差异较大，水平极化后向散射系数和小麦覆盖度及土壤含水量相关性达到显著；冬小麦麦地的垂直同极化后向散射对土壤含水量较敏感，垂直极化后向散射系数和土壤含水量的相关性达到显著，但与小麦覆盖度的相关性相对较低。据此，利用冬小麦麦地的两个同极化后向散射系数，建立了后向散射系数与土壤含水量和小麦覆盖度之间的关系模型，实现了小麦覆盖度和冬小麦覆盖下的土壤含水量反演。验证结果表明：土壤含水量和小麦覆盖度反演结果与地面调查和测量结果一致。     

毫州盐渍土的分布及其工程地质特征

盐渍土是气候，地貌、地质、工程地质、水文地质等因素综合影响的工程地质灾害，本文在大量调查、分析与研究的基础上，采用了槽探、水样（水化学分析）、土样（土壤含盐量分析、土壤毛细水试验）等综合方法，分析了亳州盐渍土灾害的危害性及对农业生态系统、公路建设的影响，同时，考虑到人为和环境地质因素对盐渍土的影响，圈定了盐渍土的潜在威胁区，从而，预测了盐渍土的发展、演变趋势，因地制宜地提出了整治盐渍土的基本对策     

内蒙古中西部地区不同土壤类型下土壤水分的研究

以2002—2003年连续两年自行观测的内蒙古中西部地区二连浩特、乌拉特中旗和乌海的土壤水分为基础，重点分析了沙尘暴发生季节反映下垫面特征的土壤水分的时间变化以及大气影响对不同土壤类型(棕钙土，灰漠土，栗钙土)水分的作用。土壤水分的变化被分为3个阶段进行分析，分别是解冻期至沙尘暴开始的春季、雨期的秋季和冰雪覆盖的冬季。土壤水分受气象条件和土壤类型的影响较大。在气象条件的影响下，土壤水分含量在土壤融化期最低，在雨季达到最大值，其中以栗钙土受的影响最明显。沙尘暴发生依赖于土壤融化时间、土壤融化期的土壤条件和上年冬季的冻土深度。     

介绍一种简易快捷的煤层瓦斯含量的计算方法

大量煤层瓦斯解吸资料表明，解吸瓦斯量（Q）与煤样气体解吸时间的开方（θ），呈Q=ab/θ（b＜0）曲线的相关关系一依据这种关系，由现场瓦斯煤样的解吸资料，建立起θ与Q的回归方程，再按《煤层气测定方法（解吸）MT／T77—1994》中的有关规定计算出损失瓦斯及在化验室测试的常温下煤层瓦斯的自然组分、可燃物质量等数据，进而便可求得煤层瓦斯含量值。该方法在江西省丰城矿区石上井田勘探工作中取得了较好的效果。     

红色泥岩风化含砾粘土的抗剪强度参数与物理性质相关性研究

研究了巴东组红色泥岩风化含砾粘土的含水量、密度及粘粒含量与内聚力C、摩察角φ的关系。通过配制粒径小于10mm的含砾粘土,按不同的含水量、密度及粘粒含量进行了大量的室内样品实验,分析总结了试验数据的一些规律,得出了适用的经验公式。这些经验公式揭示了该土体的一些特性,同时,当测得土体的某些物性指标后,可以运用这些公式计算该类土体的抗剪强度参数。这样,可避免少量试验数据用于设计时的不可靠性。     

Fire Danger Monitoring Using ERS-1 SAR Images in the Case of Northern Boreal Forests

Research was carried out to assess the potential of imaging radar systems formonitoring forest fire danger. In Canada, daily forest fire danger ratings are generated by the Canadian ForestFire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS), based on estimates of fire weather indices (FWI) and measured foliar moisturecontent (FMC). To evaluate the potential of imaging radar, an experiment was conducted using test sitesconsisting of jack pine, black spruce and white spruce stands located in the MacKenzie river basin, NorthwestTerritories, Canada. Radar image intensity values from ERS-1 SAR imagery collected over these stands in 1994 werecompared to FWI indices and FMC data. FWI indices were calculated using data from local weather stations.Seasonal trends in radar backscatter (⁰) were shown to correlate with temperature and precipitation. Significant relationships were found between ⁰ and FWI codes and indices, particularly in thecase of the black spruce stands, with slow-drying fuels, like duff moisture code (DMC), drought code (DC), and build-upindex (BUI). Rates of changes in ⁰were related to rates of changes in FMC, particularly in the case ofthe jack pine stands for old FMC and in the case of white spruce stands for composite FMC.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUD LIQUID WATER CONTENT BY SPACE-BORNE COMBINED RADAR-RADIOMETER*

A retrieval method of microwave(MW) space-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid water content by the combined radar-radiometer is suggested.A three-layer cloud model is chosen to represent the typical stratified precipitating cloud.The retrieval method mainly follows our previously suggested scheme with some modifications.Numerical comparative study shows that in space-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid water content by the combined method is much better than by radar only;Also the retrieval accuracy of cloud liquid water content may be improved when using the three-layer cloud model in the combined method.     

Integral Equations for Kinematic Dynamo Models

A new technique for the treatment of the kinematic dynamo problem is presented. The method is applicable when the dynamo is surrounded by a medium of finite conductivity and is based on a reformulation of the induction equation and boundary conditions at infinity into an integral equation. We show that the integral operator involved here is compact in the case of homogeneous conductivity, which is important for both mathematical and numerical treatment. A lower bound for the norm of then yields a necessary condition for the generation of magnetic fields by kinematic dynamos. Numerical results are presented for some simple ²-dynamo models. The far-field asymptotics for stationary and time-dependent field modes are discussed.     

岩石钾质变化及钾交代与成矿关系

钾质高低及变化可反映岩石演化程度和钾交代作用。发生钾交代的岩石为成矿有利岩石和找矿标志。岩石钾交代与钾质升高归根于富碱的地幔流体活动。上升的地幔流体交代上地幔和地壳岩石形成富碱岩石和碱交代岩,并活化迁移不同围岩中成矿元素形成各种矿床。大地构造单元边缘与陆内张裂活动带是地幔流体交代活动场所和大型矿床形成地。许多矿床包括金矿床和钾交代关系密切。