浮游植物生物量研究 Ⅰ.浮游植物生物量细胞体积转化法

在海洋生态动力学研究过程中,采用浮游植物细胞数量来估算浮游植物丰度可以说是不够精确的,因为不同种的浮游植物细胞大小差别很大,只有浮游植物的生物量才能正确反映海洋生态系中的能量分布．本文以拟合浮游植物细胞相似体积方法,基于胶州湾生态动力学研究所获资料,计算了87种中国近海常见浮游植物的细胞体积、鲜重、碳含量、氮含量．     

内蒙岱海湖岩芯碳酸盐含量变化与气候环境演化

内蒙岱海是位于东南季风区的西北边缘的内陆封闭湖泊,对气候变化十分敏感。本文根据对岱海湖泊岩芯的碳酸盐含量分析,结合湖泊沉积岩性特征、介形类化石以及其年代学研究,初步讨论了岱海距今近千年的气候环境演化过程,结果表明：９３０ａＢＰ—６７０ａＢＰ气候以温湿为主,６７０ａＢＰ—５４０ａＢＰ,气候以冷偏湿为主;５４０ａＢｐ—４９０ａＢ．Ｐ．湖泊急剧退缩,以冷偏干气候为主;４９０ａＢｐ—２７０ａＢＰ以凉干气候为主;２７０ａＢＰ－１５０温干气候;１５０年以来,湖区有效降水有所增加的温偏湿气候为主。     

长牡蛎繁殖期糖原含量与类胰岛素基因表达的相关性分析

为探究长牡蛎在繁殖期间的糖原含量与类胰岛素基因(cgMIP123、cgMIP4、cgMILP7、cgILP)和相关转录调控因子(cgPdx)相对表达量的相关性,自2020年5月至2020年10月采集了山东胶南养殖海区的长牡蛎,测定了血糖含量、糖原含量、条件指数、类胰岛素基因相对表达量及环境因子(酸度、温度、盐度)等数据,采用多元统计方法对数据进行分析。logistic回归分析结果显示,长牡蛎配子排放前后血糖含量和内脏团糖原含量具有显著差异。构建的回归模型可以通过血糖含量和内脏团糖原含量准确判断配子是否已经排放,区分度C-index为0.903,Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验χ²值为9.06,P>0.05,验证结果显示该模型可靠。多元线性回归分析结果显示:条件指数与cgMIP123和cgMIP4基因的相对表达量具有相关性,R²为0.91,P值为0.0076,极显著相关;内脏团和唇瓣组织的糖原含量与ILPs和cgPdx相对表达量具有一定的相关性,其中cgMILP7的相对表达量与内脏团和唇瓣组织的糖原含量呈负相关,cgPdx相对表达量与唇瓣组织的糖原含量呈负相关,cgMIP4和cgILP的相对表达量与糖原含量呈正相关。     

The penetration experiment to predict liquefaction resistance of reclaimed soils

The liquefaction resistance of the soils used to be estimated through the in situ tests, such as standard penetration test and cone penetration test; or by means of cyclic triaxial test in laboratory. However, both in situ tests and cyclic triaxial test are time-consuming and costly; this study introduces a quick and cost-effective method to evaluate the liquefaction resistance of soils under certain confining pressure in laboratory. A particular device modified from the conventional triaxial compression test apparatus, namely “Triaxial Cone Penetration Test”, was developed to obtain the peak values of cone resistance in soils so as to correlate the liquefaction resistance of the reclaimed soils evaluated by cyclic triaxial tests. The test result indicates a good correlation between the peak value of cone resistance and the corresponding cyclic stress ratio (CSR) at the state of initial liquefaction, in which the correlation for loose samples is better than that for dense samples. Besides, both peak values of cone resistance and corresponding CSR increase with fine content of soils reaches 10% and decreased with fine content varying between 10% and 50%. By examining the compositions of the soils with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, it is found that the proportion and characteristics of the fines plays an important role on the liquefaction resistance of the reclaimed soils.     

Revisiting Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens) trophodynamics provides a new vision of the Humboldt Current system

The Peruvian anchovy or anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) forages on plankton and is a main prey for marine mammals, seabirds, fish, and fishers, and is therefore a key element of the food web in the Humboldt Current system (HCS). Here, we present results from the analysis of 21,203 anchoveta stomach contents sampled during 23 acoustic surveys over the period 1996–2003. Prey items were identified to the genus level, and the relative dietary importance of different prey was assessed by determination of their carbon content. Variability in stomach fullness was examined relative to the diel cycle, the distance from the coast, sea surface temperature, and latitude, using generalized additive models (GAMs). Whereas phytoplankton largely dominated anchoveta diets in terms of numerical abundance and comprised >99% of ingested prey items, the carbon content of prey items indicated that zooplankton was by far the most important dietary component, with euphausiids contributing 67.5% of dietary carbon followed by copepods (26.3%). Stomach fullness data showed that anchoveta feed mainly during daytime between 07h00 and 18h00, although night-time feeding also made a substantial contribution to total food consumption. Stomach fullness also varied with latitude, distance from the coast, and temperature, but with substantial variability indicating a high degree of plasticity in anchoveta feeding behaviour. The results suggest an ecological role for anchoveta that challenges current understanding of its position in the foodweb, the functioning of the HCS, and trophic models of the HCS.     

有机农药六六六对胶州湾海域水质的影响Ⅰ.含量的年份变化

根据1979～1984年(缺少1980年)的胶州湾水域调查资料,分析有机农药六六六(HCH)在胶州湾水域的含量大小、年份变化和季节变化。研究结果表明:在1979～1984年(缺1980年)期间,在胶州湾水体中HCH的含量逐年都在减少。在1983年,中国禁止HCH的使用,在禁用后,水体中HCH的含量全部低于一类海水的水质标准。在禁用后,水体中HCH的含量很低,几乎没有季节变化。因此,中国禁止HCH的使用对环境的改善取得显著的成效。     

麻痹性贝毒对肝脏和肾脏氧化损伤的影响

为了探讨麻痹性贝毒(PSP)对肝脏和肾脏损伤的机制,采用膝沟藻毒素GTX-1,4对小鼠进行急性暴露,剂量为1μg/kg,时间分别为60、90、120min。结果发现,与对照组相比,肝脏染毒组中的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量没有显著变化;在肾脏中,60 min时染毒组GSH含量没有明显变化,90、120 min时GSH含量降低;两器官中抗氧化酶(GSH-Px、SOD)活性与对照组相比均无显著变化(P0.05)。从而推断,GSH参与了PSP对肾脏损害的毒性过程;肾中GSH含量有可能作为PSP早期检测的敏感指标。     

茂名地区海雾含水量的演变特征及其与大气水平能见度的关系

2008年3月16—19日,在广东茂名博贺海洋气象科学试验基地,利用美国DMT公司生产的FM-100型雾滴谱仪,连续观测了海雾的雾滴谱、数浓度等微物理量。在此基础上分析了海雾液态含水量的演变特征,并结合同期的气象观测与分析数据,进行了海雾中低能见度成因的天气学分析。研究表明,海雾发展过程中含水量有着上下起伏变化的特点;直径10μm以上雾滴的增多是含水量增大的主要原因;随着含水量的增大,雾滴谱分布有向大雾滴方向增宽的趋势,其峰值高度也不断增大。在相同的含水量区间,不同的大气能见度样本表现出明显不同的谱分布特征;在相同高数浓度区间的情况下,导致大气能见度降低的主要原因是含水量的增大。而海雾过程中低能见度的出现,是众多天气因素共同影响的结果:地面天气图上的均压场范围更大,大气低空及地面风速小,大气低层处于弱不稳定状态,以及高湿度层主要在近地层等等。     

Reevaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with time-varying XBT and MBT depth bias corrections

As reported in former studies, temperature observations obtained by expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) and mechanical bathythermographs (MBTs) appear to have positive biases as much as they affect major climate signals. These biases have not been fully taken into account in previous ocean temperature analyses, which have been widely used to detect global warming signals in the oceans. This report proposes a methodology for directly eliminating the biases from the XBT and MBT observations. In the case of XBT observation, assuming that the positive temperature biases mainly originate from greater depths given by conventional XBT fall-rate equations than the truth, a depth bias equation is constructed by fitting depth differences between XBT data and more accurate oceanographic observations to a linear equation of elapsed time. Such depth bias equations are introduced separately for each year and for each probe type. Uncertainty in the gradient of the linear equation is evaluated using a non-parametric test. The typical depth bias is +10 m at 700 m depth on average, which is probably caused by various indeterminable sources of error in the XBT observations as well as a lack of representativeness in the fall-rate equations adopted so far. Depth biases in MBT are fitted to quadratic equations of depth in a similar manner to the XBT method. Correcting the historical XBT and MBT depth biases by these equations allows a historical ocean temperature analysis to be conducted. In comparison with the previous temperature analysis, large differences are found in the present analysis as follows: the duration of large ocean heat content in the 1970s shortens dramatically, and recent ocean cooling becomes insignificant. The result is also in better agreement with tide gauge observations. On leave from the Meteorological Research Institute of the Japan Meteorological Agency.     

秋茄缺绿和正常植株叶片的叶绿素含量和叶绿体结构

本文研究了秋茄正常和缺绿幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量和叶绿体结构,结果表明,缺绿植株叶片中叶绿素a,b及总量均远低于正常植株叶片,它们的含量均不到正常植株叶片的10％,缺绿叶片的叶绿体结构也与正常叶片存在着较大的差异,缺绿片叶绿体中没有基粒堆,几乎没有淀粉体,嗜锇体数目也比较少,但存在着类囊体。