焦家金矿带3000m科研深钻地球物理测井及初步分析

焦家金矿带3 000 m勘查科研深钻使用多种测井方法,原位获取了钻孔岩石的各种物理化学参数,实现了设计预定的数据采集目标,取得了丰富的初步解译研究成果。通过交会图等技术分析了不同岩石的测井响应特征;通过常规识别法和主成分分析方法相结合,有效的识别了断裂带;通过阵列声波测井了解了岩石机械特性并估算了地应力参数;通过井温测量实现了井温梯度的计算。激电测井显示,低阻高极化为深部矿化体主要异常特征;依据极化率曲线整体幅值及形态分析认为2 485~3 122 m为矿化较为集中部位。     

Morphology and Dynamics of Alluvial Fan and Its Research Prospects

Alluvial fans can preserve historical records of sediment transport to middle and lower river systems or piedmont basins, which are considered to be sensitive recorders of climate change and tectonic activity. In this paper, the morphological characteristics, control factors and future development trend of alluvial fan are summarized and described. The main understanding is as follows: \mathrm{①} According to the gravity flow and traction flow process, fan can be divided into debris flow alluvial fan and fluvial fan. The former is formed under the action of debris gravity flow deposits, which is related to the occasional flood and burst flow in a short time. The latter is braided tributaries depositions which are gradually shallower and spread radially in the direction of fan toe under the traction water transport. \mathrm{②} The erodibility of underlying bedrock can affect the scale of downstream alluvial fan, which depends on the sediment production and store factors in the catchment. The easily eroded bedrock may produce more sediment, making the alluvial fan area larger. In the contrast, the erodibility of rocks in the source area can also affect the slope and hydrological characteristics of the valley so that more sediment is deposited in the upstream basin and the alluvial fan formed in the downstream is smaller. \mathrm{③} Tectonic activity is the pre-condition for the development of alluvial fans, which provides a space for alluvial fans depositions. Faulting in the piedmont can change the position and morphology of the ancient alluvial fan, and also cause deformation or distortion of the thick sedimentary sequence to record the regional tectonic activity. The quaternary alluvial fan sequence corresponds well to the climate change during the glacial-interglacial period. However, the influence of the flood events caused by extreme meteorological events on alluvial fan deposition should be focused on. \mathrm{④} The application of a series of new techniques and methods will help to carry out deep research on alluvial fan in the future, such as high-resolution observation technique, physical simulation experiment, and precise dating.     

菏泽市岩溶地热井尾水回灌影响因素及流体可采量估算研究

通过在山东菏泽城区实施地下水回灌实验,对菏泽深覆型岩溶地区地热水的回灌影响因素进行分析研究,并初步估算出评价区可采量。结果可知:深覆型岩溶地热井尾水回灌效果的影响因素主要包括回灌压力、回灌水质、回灌水温、回灌工艺和热储层岩性特征等。在回灌条件下,估算可知允许开采量为6 408. 7 m^3/d,而本次单井地热井的抽水实验开采量值81. 48 m^3/r,远低于该值,说明菏泽城区地热资源丰富。研究结果为下一步的寒武-奥陶系岩溶热储开发打下基础。     

区域地质环境复杂程度评价

宏观分析区域地质环境复杂程度能有效指导长距离线状工程规划选线、指导城镇规划选址。以往地质环境复杂程度评价主要针对小区域,其评价方案在应用于大区域时受到一定限制。本文总结提出了区域地质环境复杂程度评价的指导性原则,针对地学研究中长期存在的地层岩性复杂程度难以量化的特点,引入信息熵的概念,利用"地层岩性信息熵"实现了复杂程度的量化评价。以四川为例,选取地形地貌、地层岩性、冻土、断裂构造、区域稳定性、气象等6类10项指标,利用AHP法计算指标权重,基于GIS平台对境内地质环境复杂程度进行分析。研究方法对区域地质环境评价具有参考价值,成果可为四川境内长距离线状工程规划提供参考。     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔榴辉岩的分类及测井识别

榴辉岩是中国大陆科学钻探主孔的主要岩性之一, 分布在3245m之上.根据测井响应特征, 如自然伽玛、密度、中子孔隙度等, 可以很好地区分榴辉岩与主孔的其他岩类.由于主孔榴辉岩具有不同的矿物成分、全岩化学成分和测井响应特征, 这为进一步详细划分榴辉岩亚类奠定了基础.从原岩的起源、氧化物含量、次要矿物等3个角度对主孔榴辉岩进行分类, 研究了基于多元统计学的榴辉岩亚类的测井识别方法; 利用该方法对重构的11种榴辉岩亚类进行测井评价, 将可以利用测井资料识别的榴辉岩亚类归并为6种; 根据对榴辉岩亚类的识别结果, 将主孔中榴辉岩划分为20个层段, 分析了各种榴辉岩亚类在主孔中的深度分布特征, 为地学研究提供了资料.      

The cation and silica chemistry of a Subandean river basin in western Amazonia

We sampled river water at 13 locations in the Pichis basin, a 10 500 km² large rainforest‐covered drainage basin in Peru, to assess the influence of lithological variability and seasonality on water chemistry. The concentrations of major cations and silica show a strong seasonal dependence and a remarkable variability over short distances that is only weakly reduced in the wet season; cation concentrations in streams differ by up to 100% within a few kilometres. The lowest cation concentrations were associated with relatively cation‐depleted upper Tertiary and lower Quaternary formations, whereas relatively cation‐rich lower Tertiary and Jurassic formations left a clear calcium and sodium signal in the respective rivers. Cluster analysis, in conjunction with boxplots, suggests that the sampling locations can be segregated into three groups based on similarities of their geochemical signals. According to the previously defined criteria, one river is classified as a Group 2 river with 200 < TZ+ < 450 µeq/L, whereas all other rivers fall into Group 3 with 450 < TZ+ < 3000 µeq/L (where TZ+ refers to the total cation charge). Based on a comparison with other studies at different sections of the Amazon mainstem, the river chemistry of our study area is relatively enriched in K⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺, and, consequently, has a higher TZ+ value, while being relatively depleted in silica. The influence of lithological variability on water chemistry must be considered in land‐use change studies even at watershed areas of 26–3382 km². Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于微粒群算法的神经网络在岩性识别上的应用

针对前馈多层神经网络BP算法存在的易陷入局部最优的不足,采用了微粒群算法(PSO)加以改进。通过胜利油田及其它油田的岩性识别所做的实例验证,并与BP神经网络进行比较,结果表明,在同等条件下,此方法效果较为满意。     

Paleogeography of the Bureya Foredeep (in the Far East) in the Jurassic

Using the standard methods of paleogeographic analysis, small-scale paleogeographic sketch maps of the Verkhnyaya Bureya and Gudzhik depressions of the Bureya Foredeep are compiled for the Pliensbachian, Bajocian-Bathonian, Callovian, and Tithonian ages of the Jurassic. Marine sedimentation settings that existed during the Late Triassic and the major part of the Jurassic are characterized.     

利用斯通利波评价复杂岩性储层渗透性

针对海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷区复杂岩性储层,进行了利用斯通利波估算储层渗透率的应用研究,并把斯通利波渗透率与岩心渗透率和核磁处理渗透率进行了对比。对比结果表明,可依据获得的斯通利波渗透率曲线进行储层的有效性划分。