Effect of sodium chloride and cadmium on the growth,oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is a salt-tolerant yeast species capable of removing cadmium(Cd) pollutant from aqueous solution. Presently, the physiological characteristics of Z. rouxii under the stress of sodium chloride(NaCl) and Cd are poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of NaCl and Cd on the growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. rouxii after stress treatment for 24 h. Results showed that NaCl or Cd alone negatively affected the growth of Z. rouxii, but the growth-inhibiting effect of Cd on Z. rouxii was reduced in the presence of NaCl. Flow cytometry assay showed that under Cd stress, NaCl significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and cell death of Z. rouxii compared with those in the absence of NaCl. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and peroxidase(POD) of Z. rouxii were significantly enhanced by 2%–6% NaCl, which likely contributed to the high salt tolerance of Z. rouxii. The POD activity was inhibited by 20 mg L-1Cd while the SOD and CAT activities were enhanced by 8 mg L-1 Cd and inhibited by 20 mg L-1 or 50 mg L-1 Cd. The inhibitory effect of high-level Cd on the antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. rouxii was counteracted by the combined use of NaCl, especially at 6%. This probably accounted for the decrease in Cd-induced ROS production and cell death of Z. rouxii after incubation with NaCl and Cd. Our work provided physiological clues as to the use of Z. rouxii as a biosorbent for Cd removal from seawater and liquid highly salty food.     

Life‐cycle reliability of RC bridge piers under seismic and airborne chloride hazards

Over the last two decades, the probabilistic assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) structures under seismic hazard has been developed rapidly. However, little attention has been devoted to the assessment of the seismic reliability of corroded structures. For the life‐cycle assessment of RC structures in a marine environment and earthquake‐prone regions, the effect of corrosion due to airborne chlorides on the seismic capacity needs to be taken into consideration. Also, the effect of the type of corrosive environment on the seismic capacity of RC structures has to be quantified. In this paper, the evaluation of the displacement ductility capacity based on the buckling model of longitudinal rebars in corroded RC bridge piers is established, and a novel computational procedure to integrate the probabilistic hazard associated with airborne chlorides into life‐cycle seismic reliability assessment of these piers is proposed. The seismic demand depends on the results of seismic hazard assessment, whereas the deterioration of seismic capacity depends on the hazard associated with airborne chlorides. In an illustrative example, an RC bridge pier was modeled as single degree of freedom (SDOF). The longitudinal rebars buckling of this pier was considered as the sole limit state when estimating its failure probability. The findings show that the life‐cycle reliability of RC bridge piers depends on both the seismic and airborne chloride hazards, and that the cumulative‐time failure probabilities of RC bridge piers located in seismic zones can be dramatically affected by the effect of airborne chlorides. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沧州地下咸水成因分析

河北沧州地区咸水资源丰富,本文以探明沧州地区地下咸水成因为目的,从沧州咸水的分布入手,对氯离子分布,土层易溶盐的分布,地下水含碘量以及同位素特征进行研究,得出东部滨海地区的咸水以海相成因类型为主,西部内陆地区以陆相成因类型为主,二者之间的中间地区为海陆交替过渡带类型.浅层成水除沿海地区外,主要受大陆盐化作用影响.     

Probabilistic lifetime assessment of marine reinforced concrete with steel corrosion and cover cracking

In order to study the durability behavior of marine reinforced concrete structure suffering from chloride attack,the structural service life is assumed to be divided into three critical stages,which can be characterized by steel corrosion and cover cracking.For each stage,a calculated model used to predict the lifetime is developed.Based on the definition of durability limit state,a probabilistic lifetime model and its time-dependent reliability analytical method are proposed considering the random natures of influencing factors.Then,the probabilistic lifetime prediction models are applied to a bridge pier located in the Hangzhou Bay with Monte Carlo simulation.It is found that the time to corrosion initiation t0 follows a lognormal distribution,while that the time from corrosion initiation to cover cracking t1 and the time for crack to develop from hairline crack to a limit crack width t2 can be described by Weibull distributions.With the permitted failure probability of 5.0%,it is also observed that the structural durability lifetime mainly depends on the durability life t0 and that the percentage of participation of the life t0 to the total service life grows from 61.5% to 83.6% when the cover thickness increases from 40 mm to 80 mm.Therefore,for any part of the marine RC bridge,the lifetime predictions and maintenance efforts should also be directed toward controlling the stage of corrosion initiation induced by chloride ion.     

用于海水养殖水脱氮的反硝化细菌的诱变及筛选

以实验室中已有的反硝化菌株作为出发菌株, 对这株自然菌株进行氯化锂和紫外线照射诱变,得到2 株硝酸盐还原率高且亚硝酸盐积累量低的突变体L02 与Z06。在培养基中硝酸盐起始含量为1 mmol/L, 静置培养的条件下, 这2 株突变株对硝酸盐的还原率均能达到95%以上; 摇床条件下培养,其还原率也能达到94%以上, 且对...     

白云石半焙烧物中游离氧化钙的测定

介绍了一种测定白云石半焙烧产物中游离氧化钙的方法,采用氯化镁溶液将氧化钙浸取为可溶性钙盐,进而用EDTA标准溶液滴定。该方法不同于传统的测定方法,其操作简单,分析快速,测定准确时间短,结果重现性好,适合白云石焙烧控制分析。     

Understanding hydrological processes in a highly stressed granitic aquifer in southern India

The results of a study evaluating the recharge/discharge conditions of an unconfined stressed granitic aquifer situated in a semi‐arid region of Andhra Pradesh, Southern India are presented. Over the last three decades, excessive withdrawal of groundwater has drastically lowered the water table to the bedrock. The watershed studied was divided into four zones based on geomorphology and hydrogeological conditions. Using environmental chloride data pertaining to groundwater, soil depth profiles, and some hydrogeologic and hydrochemical observations, a recharge model for the watershed was developed. The model revealed that the bulk of the vertical recharge in the western elevated land occurs through preferred pathways and that a small fraction occurs through the soil matrix. In addition, the watershed has a poor hydrogeologic fabric, as indicated by the small range of matrix flow recharge (1 to 1·5% of rainfall) among the four zones. The dominating preferential flow was high (～16% of the annual average rainfall) in the valley fills, but decreased to 5–5·5% in the plains. Furthermore, although the bulk of the recharge occurs vertically, considerable lateral movement of groundwater down the slope indicates that sequential hydrochemical changes occur. Distinct geomorphological features that exist in the watershed support the proposed model. Situations similar to those described above may exist in numerous watersheds in the granitic hard rock region; therefore, information obtained from investigations conducted in this watershed can aid in the development of plans enabling the sustainable exploitation of watersheds that have not yet been developed, as well as implementation of appropriate rainwater conservation measures in over‐exploited watersheds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂的合成与表征

以三氟甲基磺酰氯为原料,经胺化、成盐、酸碱中和、复分解置换反应合成了无水双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂。通过研究温度、溶剂、反应时间、氨气通入速率等对反应产率的影响,优化了三氟甲基磺酰胺与双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺钾的合成条件。得到三氟甲基磺酰胺的最优合成条件为以乙腈为溶剂,氨气通入速度为0.8 m L/min,反应时间为1 h,反应温度为-10~-5℃;双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺钾的最优合成条件为反应时间3 h,反应温度-10~-5℃。利用FT-IR、13C-NMR和ICP对中间产物与最终产物进行了表征。双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂的产率为72.65%。     

塞尔维亚贾达尔盆地超大型锂硼矿床

锂和硼有着广泛的用途,我国常年大量进口锂和硼矿石。近些年在塞尔维亚贾达尔盆地中发现一个特殊的超大型锂硼矿床,与Rio Tinto、Pan Global Resources和Ultra Lithium等公司一样,我国地勘单位正在这一矿区进行勘查工作,因此对该地区的锂硼矿床地质特征进行总结和报道很有必要。该矿床的矿石矿物是世界独有的既含锂也含硼的羟硼硅钠锂石(Jadarite)[LiNaSiB_3O_7(OH)],其含B_2O_3 47.2%,含Li_2O 7.3%,密度2.46g/cm~3。已有资料显示,找矿标志层为中新统湖相沉积岩中的凝灰岩层,矿体具有电阻率小于4.4Ω·m和重力异常值小于-15mGal的特征。该矿床设施齐全,且选矿和化工处理简便,短期内可获得硼和锂产品。     

三氯化铝浸取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水系沉积物中低含量的碳酸铁

传统的氯化铵浸取-重铬酸钾滴定法(邻二氮菲比色法)可有效分析试样中较高含量的碳酸铁(7.5%~80%),但试剂消耗量大、测定步骤冗长、分析误差相对较大,水系沉积物中碳酸铁含量较低,采用此方法分析时其他含铁矿物的干扰易引入测量误差。本研究采用三氯化铝水浴加热浸取,建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定水系沉积物中低含量碳酸铁(0.1%~6.0%)的分析方法。使用80 m L浓度为100g/L的三氯化铝溶液水浴加热60 min,可完全浸取试样中的碳酸铁;在标准曲线中加入与待测样品浓度相同的三氯化铝,有效地避免了浸取剂三氯化铝的基体干扰。碳酸铁的检出限为0.015μg/m L,精密度为2.3%~4.0%(n=12),加标回收率为95.0%~107.5%。沉积物中常见的含铁矿物(如赤铁矿和磁铁矿)对碳酸铁的测定干扰可忽略,磁黄铁矿的干扰可通过加入氯化汞消除。本法比传统化学分析方法的操作简便,准确度和精密度高,解决了其他含铁矿物的干扰问题。