岩浆黑云母和热液黑云母矿物化学研究进展

黑云母是岩浆岩和斑岩型矿床中重要的含水铁镁质成岩硅酸盐矿物。黑云母化学成分可以有效地指示岩浆性质、热液蚀变以及成矿过程。文章基于前人和作者的研究成果,系统地总结了黑云母矿物化学在黑云母分类、地质温度计、地质压力计、氧逸度等方面的应用,对岩石成因及构造背景的指示意义,卤素和卤素逸度评价岩浆热液过程,成矿潜力评价等方面的研究新进展,为斑岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿预测和勘查评价提供了最新的找矿矿物学证据。并提出了黑云母矿物化学在研究中存在的一些问题及未来的研究方向。     

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基斜长石成分组成与岩浆演化和混合作用

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基岩浆混合作用明显,斜长石作为主要造岩矿物,是研究岩石成因、示踪岩浆演化和岩浆混合过程的有效工具。对香加南山花岗岩基中寄主岩及暗色微粒包体中的斜长石进行岩相学和矿物化学研究。电子探针结果显示:寄主岩中正常环带斜长石(39~48,21~36)、包体中斜长石捕掳晶(41~49,35~36,43~49,31~47,27~38)和寄主岩矿物中包裹斜长石(29~45,14~32)具有演化的An值;部分寄主岩斜长石核部由于受到后期蚀变具有较高的An值(59~72)。包体中基质斜长石大部分具核边结构,核部(52,31)和边部(33~37,25)An值存在间断;少量斜长石核部受到蚀变,An值较低(49),幔部(55~71)An值高于边部(46~49);部分包体中基质斜长石核部呈补丁状,暗色部分An值较高(66),浅色部分An值较低(33~39)。包体中斜长石捕掳晶主要分为干净斜长石捕掳晶和含有矿物的斜长石捕掳晶两大类,干净斜长石环带明显或聚片双晶发育,An值变化范围较小(41~49,35~36);含有暗色矿物的斜长石捕掳晶An值整体也呈震荡变化(43~49,31~47,27~38),但由于受到蚀变,部分测点An值较高(78),少量斜长石具有高An值增生边(73)。以上研究显示,结晶于寄主岩的斜长石正常演化序列反映寄主岩从演化早期到晚期,岩浆逐渐从偏基性向酸性转变;包体基质斜长石为包体进入寄主岩温度、压力和水饱和度降低导致斜长石受到熔蚀后继续结晶结果;包体中斜长石捕掳晶来自寄主岩,由于进入包体后温度和压力产生变化,以及后期生长,导致斜长石的成分和构造有所不同。香加南山花岗岩基及暗色微粒包体中斜长石的复杂环带为幔源镁铁质岩浆注入长英质岩浆混合作用的结果。     

祁连山中段排露沟流域水化学特征及成因

2012年11月-2013年10月,在祁连山中段排露沟流域持续采集1 a的大气降水和出口断面径流样品,对主要可溶离子、pH、电导率EC和总溶解固体TDS进行了分析。结果表明：流域径流与大气降水相比,各项对应离子浓度显著增加,径流TDS均值（255.50 mg·L^-1）远大于降水（46.77 mg·L^-1）。径流离子类型为Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-HCO₃^-,呈弱碱性。大气降水离子类型为Ca²⁺-HCO₃^-,接近中性。所有径流样品都落在Gibbs分布图的左中端,表明径流离子组成主要受流域岩石风化作用控制。根据Piper图和主要离子的摩尔比值,综合分析得出控制径流离子过程主要是流域碳酸盐岩风化,其次伴随部分硫酸盐和硅酸盐岩石风化。并通过海盐校正分析方法,得出大气降水对出口断面径流主要离子贡献率仅为4.58%。     

苍南沿浦湾浅海养殖区水质质量评价

根据2013~2015年对沿浦湾浅海养殖区的水质进行的监测与分析资料,采用富营养化指数法和有机污染指数法对该海域海水营养状况和有机污染状况进行了评价.结果表明,该养殖区海水的溶解氧(DO)和化学需氧量(COD)含量符合国家二类海水水质标准,超过二类标准的指标为无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(PO_4~(3-)-P)和石油类.该养殖区春、冬两季水质指标超标情况较为明显,春季超标指标为无机氮和石油类,冬季超标指标为无机氮和活性磷酸盐.该养殖区的富营养化程度日趋严重,而有机污染程度总体不高.     

On the Nonlinear Response of Lower Stratospheric Ozone to External Forces---The Inclusion of BrOx and Radiation Processes

In this paper the bromine family and radiative effects are considered in an updated box model under the framework of ozone-temperature feedback,in order to further analyze the possible behavior of atmospheric ozone in the lower mid-latitude stratosphere.Results show that this updated photochemical system can present several different solutions,within a certain domain of parameters,with fixed-point and periodic states appearing in turn.The temperature feedback effect introduced in this box model has not changed the topology of the ozone system.This result presents nonlinear characteristics of the ozone system,and possible trends in the stratospheric atmosphere between complex chemistry and radiation processes.     

安徽庐枞盆地罗河铁矿水岩反应化学动力学实验

选择罗河铁矿含矿围岩云辉粗安岩为研究对象,使用叠层反应器,进行了在22MPa、100～400℃的条件下水岩相互作用地球化学动力学实验,系统地研究了不同温度、不同流速下元素的溶解情况并计算出其溶解速率。实验发现,元素在溶液中的浓度随着流速、温度的变化而变化。大多数元素在溶液中的浓度随着温度的升高而增加,一般在300～400℃时浓度达到最大。溶解速率随温度的不断升高而发生变化,各种元素达到最大溶解速率的温度大多在200～400℃之间。但是各个元素的最大溶解速率对应的温度并不相同。流体的流速影响着元素的溶解速率,元素的最大溶解速率并不都是在最大流速时产生的。     

中亚天山托木尔峰地区青冰滩72号冰川雪坑化学特征及其环境指示意义

基于2008年7月天山托木尔峰地区青冰滩72号冰川雪坑实测资料,探讨其冰川雪坑离子化学特征及环境指示意义。研究发现,Ca2+、Mg2+是青冰滩72号冰川雪坑中主要阳离子;雪坑中阳离子浓度顺序为:Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+>K+>NH4+,其中,Mg2+、K+和Ca2+主要反映长距离沙尘源物质传输情况;Cl-和Na+则一半以上来源于海盐;青冰滩72号冰川NO3-浓度高于天山地区含量平均值。     

Measurements and modelling of atmospheric pollution over the Paris area: an overview of the ESQUIF Project

The Étude et Simulation de la QUalité de lair en Ile de France (ESQUIF) project is the first integrated project dedicated to the study of the processes leading to air pollution events over the Paris area. The project was carried out over two years (summer 1998 to winter 2000) to document all types of meteorological conditions favourable to air quality degradation, and in particular to photo oxydant formation. The goals of ESQUIF are (1) to improve our understanding of the relevant chemical and dynamical processes and, in turn, improve their parametrizations in numerical models, and (2) to improve and validate existing models dedicated to pollution analysis, scenarios and/or forecasting, by establishing a comprehensive and thorough database. We present the rationale of the ESQUIF project and we describe the experimental set-up. We also report on the first experiments which took place during the summer of 1998 involving surface networks, and remote sensing instruments as well as several aircraft. Focusing on three days of August 1998, the relative contributions of long-range transported and locally-produced ozone to the elevated ozone concentrations observed during this period are discussed and chemistry-transport model preliminary results on this period are compared to measurements.     

Is the Arctic Surface Layer a Source and Sink of NOx in Winter/Spring?

Measurements of NO_x (NO +NO₂) and the sum of reactive nitrogenconstituents, NO_y, were made near the surface atAlert (82.5°N), Canada during March and April1998. In early March when solar insolation was absentor very low, NO_x mixing ratios were frequentlynear zero. After polar sunrise when the sun was abovethe horizon for much or all of the day a diurnalvariation in NO_x and NO_y was observed withamplitudes as large as 30–40 pptv. The source ofactive nitrogen is attributed to release from the snowsurface by a process that is apparently sensitized bysunlight. If the source from the snowpack is a largescale feature of the Arctic then the diurnal trendsalso require a competing process for removal to thesurface. From the diurnal change in the NO/NO₂ratio, mid-April mixing ratios for the sum of peroxyand halogen oxide radicals of 10 pptv werederived for periods when ozone mixing ratios were inthe normal range of 30–50 ppbv. Mid-day ozoneproduction and loss rates with the active nitrogensource were estimated to be 1–2 ppbv/day and in nearbalance. NO_y mixing ratios which averaged only295±66 pptv do not support a large accumulation inthe high Arctic surface layer in the winter and springof 1998. The small abundance of NO_y relative tothe elevated mixing ratios of other long-livedanthropogenic constituents requires that reactivenitrogen be removed to the surface during transport toor during residence within the high Arctic.     

Photochemistry in the Arctic Free Troposphere: Ozone Budget and Its Dependence on Nitrogen Oxides and the Production Rate of Free Radicals

Local ozone production and loss rates for the arctic free troposphere (58–85° N, 1–6 km, February–May) during the TroposphericOzone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) campaign were calculated using a constrained photochemical box model. Estimates were made to assess the importance of local photochemical ozone production relative to transport in accounting for the springtime maximum in arctic free tropospheric ozone. Ozone production and loss rates from our diel steady-state box model constrained by median observations were first compared to two point box models, one run to instantaneous steady-state and the other run to diel steady-state. A consistent picture of local ozone photochemistry was derived by all three box models suggesting that differences between the approaches were not critical. Our model-derived ozone production rates increased by a factor of 28 in the 1–3 km layer and a factor of 7 in the 3–6 kmlayer between February and May. The arctic ozone budget required net import of ozone into the arctic free troposphere throughout the campaign; however, the transport term exceeded the photochemical production only in the lower free troposphere (1–3 km) between February and March. Gross ozone production rates were calculated to increase linearly with NO_x mixing ratiosup to 300 pptv in February and for NO_x mixing ratios up to 500 pptv in May. These NO_x limits are an order of magnitude higher thanmedian NO_x levels observed, illustrating the strong dependence ofgross ozone production rates on NO_x mixing ratios for the majority of theobservations. The threshold NO_x mixing ratio needed for netpositive ozone production was also calculated to increase from NO_x 10pptv in February to 25 pptv in May, suggesting that the NO_x levels needed to sustain net ozone production are lower in winter than spring. This lower NO_x threshold explains how wintertime photochemical ozone production can impact the build-up of ozone over winter and early spring. There is also an altitude dependence as the threshold NO_x neededto produce net ozone shifts to higher values at lower altitudes. This partly explains the calculation of net ozone destruction for the 1–3 km layerand net ozone production for the 3–6 km layer throughout the campaign.