New insights into the size and timing of the Lawn Hill impact structure: relationship to the Century Zn – Pb deposit

The Lawn Hill circular structure in northwest Queensland contains unambiguous evidence of an extraterrestrial impact, including planar deformation features in quartz, impact diamonds, widespread shatter cone formation and impact melt breccia in the Mesoproterozoic basement. The question of its relevance to ore genesis is investigated because the world-class Century Zn – Pb deposit is situated at the conjunction of the 100+ km Termite Range Fault and the previously defined margin of the impact structure. The impact structure is considered to be a 19.5 km wide feature, this constrained in part by the outer margin of an annulus of brecciated and highly contorted limestone. New evidence is presented indicating impact into this Cambrian limestone, including: (i) ‘dykes’ of brecciated Cambrian limestone extending hundreds of metres into the Mesoproterozoic basement; (ii) highly contorted bedding in the limestone annulus compared with essentially undeformed limestone away from the impact site; as well as (iii) a 1 Mt megaclast of Mesoproterozoic Century-like ore suspended in the limestone. Through aerial photograph analysis, large-scale convoluted flow structures within the limestone are identified, and these are interpreted to indicate that parts of the Cambrian sequence may have been soft or only semi-consolidated at the time of impact. This highly contorted limestone bedding is suggested to represent slump-filling of an annular trough in response to impact-induced partial liquefaction of a sediment veneer. The age of impact is therefore considered to be concurrent with limestone formation during the Ordian to early Templetonian, at 520 – 510 Ma. Formation of the Century deposit is found to be unrelated to impact-generated hydrothermal activity, although some minor hydrothermal remobilisation of metals occurred. However, there was macro-scale remobilisation of gigantic ore fragments driven by impact-induced lateral and vertical injection of limestone into the Proterozoic sediments. The limestone-filled annular trough surrounds a 7.8 km diameter central uplift, consistent with formation of a complex crater morphology.     

辽宁石佛寺水库砂土液化处理试验

石佛寺水库工程建筑物区主要工程地质问题之一为砂土液化问题。在主坝轴线上选取适当部位进行几种液化处理方案的试验,为检测液化处理效果进行了地基加固处理前后密实度分析和加固处理后地基土地震液化特征分析与评价,对比几种方案的可行性,最终选择解决场区饱和砂土液化的最优方案。     

碎石桩复合地基抗液化设计方法的分析

对碎石桩复合地基抗液化设计方法进行了分析评价 ,并对施工技术作了介绍。基于复合地基抗地震液化作用的分析 ,提出一种合理的抗液化设计方法 ,该方法能够体现碎石桩复合地基的加密、排水和减震三方面的抗地震液化作用。     

石佛寺水库主坝坝基液化分析与防治

运用标贯法和seed简化方法对坝基的抗震液化进行了分析判别,发现坝基中粉砂和细砂层存在严重液化问题,中砂层局部存在液化问题,液化深度一般为7～9m,最大液化深度可达13.2m。依据坝坡稳定分析结果,确定上、下游坝脚内15m,坝脚外5m为坝基液化处理范围,粉砂、细砂层为主要处理地层。在实际防治工作中,采用振冲碎（砂）石桩或振动沉管砂石桩,结合水平排水对坝基的地震液化进行处理。处理后对各区砂土层的密实度及饱和砂土的地震液化进行检验,结果表明处理厚的坝基基本上达到了基础处理的目的。     

广从断裂构造带上特大桥基础设计方案分析

广州街东高速公路流溪河特大桥穿过广州—从化断裂(以下简称广从断裂)。在鉴定断裂的运动学和动力学特征及其活动性特征的基础上,提出了断裂带上桥梁设计的一般原则,并对流溪河特大桥梁基础方案设计进行了分析研究,提出了基础设计方案。     

Effects of boundary conditions and partial drainage on cyclic simple shear test results—a numerical study

Owing to imperfect boundary conditions in laboratory soil tests and the possibility of water diffusion inside the soil specimen in undrained tests, the assumption of uniform stress/strain over the sample is not valid. This study presents a qualitative assessment of the effects of non‐uniformities in stresses and strains, as well as effects of water diffusion within the soil sample on the global results of undrained cyclic simple shear tests. The possible implications of those phenomena on the results of liquefaction strength assessment are also discussed. A state‐of‐the‐art finite element code for transient analysis of multi‐phase systems is used to compare results of the so‐called ‘element tests’ (numerical constitutive experiments assuming uniform stress/strain/pore pressure distribution throughout the sample) with results of actual simulations of undrained cyclic simple shear tests using a finite element mesh and realistic boundary conditions. The finite element simulations are performed under various conditions, covering the entire range of practical situations: (1) perfectly drained soil specimen with constant volume, (2) perfectly undrained specimen, and (3) undrained test with possibility of water diffusion within the sample. The results presented here are restricted to strain‐driven tests performed for a loose uniform fine sand with relative density D_r=40%. Effects of system compliance in undrained laboratory simple shear tests are not investigated here. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of seabed instability using element free Galerkin method

Wave-induced seabed instability, either momentary liquefaction or shear failure, is an important topic in ocean and coastal engineering. Many factors, such as seabed properties and wave parameters, affect the seabed instability. A non-dimensional parameter is proposed in this paper to evaluate the occurrence of momentary liquefaction. This parameter includes the properties of the soil and the wave. The determination of the wave-induced liquefaction depth is also suggested based on this non-dimensional parameter. As an example, a two-dimensional seabed with finite thickness is numerically treated with the EFGM meshless method developed early for wave-induced seabed responses. Parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of wavelength, compressibility of pore fluid, permeability and stiffness of porous media, and variable stiffness with depth on the seabed response with three criteria for liquefaction. It is found that this non-dimensional parameter is a good index for identifying the momentary liquefaction qualitatively, and the criterion of liquefaction with seepage force can be used to predict the deepest liquefaction depth.     

基于模糊数学综合评判的库岸稳定性分段——以新疆某水电站近坝库岸为例

从影响库岸稳定性的诸因素中筛选出六个主要因素：坡度、坡体形态、坡体完整性程度、库水面宽度、主风向与库岸夹角及坡体结构,根据其影响程度确定了它们的权重,将库岸稳定性分为良好、较好、较差和差四级。按照各个影响因素对斜坡和各级稳定性的影响不同,对各单因素进行离散化处理,得到各影响因素的隶属度矩阵。通过对各单因素矩阵与影响因素权重运算,得到各个单元分区的稳定性评价结果。运用该方法对新疆某水电站近坝库岸段20km的稳定性进行了评价,认为稳定性较差库岸段总长约4.1km,占20.3%,主要为地质灾害分布处及工程地质条件较差的地段。该综合评判成果与现场勘察及遥感解译结果较为一致。     

水电站坝的砂层地基地震液化可靠度研究

对四川地区江河上数座水电站坝基砂层的26组动力三轴试验资料进行了统计分析,基于动剪应力比法的液化判别方法推导了的地震液化的极限状态方程,使用蒙特卡洛随机抽样的方法计算了砂层液化的失效概率,并对某水电站的厂房地基砂层的液化可靠度进行了计算分析。研究表明,统计按粉砂样总体和中细砂样总体划分较为合理;砂层的动剪应力比可采用正态分布;电站砂层地基地震液化的最危险工况为,闸坝盖重加稳定的向上渗流及遭遇Ⅶ度地震荷载,为高液化风险,其液化概率随埋深加大而增大,最危险部位为砂层底板,对坝基砂层应进行抗液化处理。     

可液化土中地铁结构的地震响应

在饱和土耦合作用与土和结构相互作用理论基础上,以地铁车站为例,用有限元法研究地下结构在地震液化作用下的响应。所采用的软件为动力两相体非线性有限元软件Dyna-Swandyne-II,该软件可以应用先进的Pastor-Zienkiewicz III广义塑性模型模拟可液化土的动力特性,应用u-p形式的Biot方程,在有限元分析中充分考虑孔隙水与土之间的耦合,同时考虑地下结构与饱和土在动力作用下的非线性相互作用。分析了地铁车站的动力响应,包括地铁内力、加速度以及地铁位移。研究结果表明,地铁结构在地震液化作用下会产生较大的上浮,从而对结构造成比较严重的破坏;地铁结构在地震作用下的最大内力位于结构的交接处。因此,结构交接处的配筋应该格外小心。