Managing expert-information uncertainties for assessing collapse susceptibility of abandoned underground structures

Assessing the collapse susceptibility of abandoned cavities at a regional scale is associated with large uncertainties that are mainly related to the very nature of the phenomena, but also to the difficulty in collecting exhaustive information at such a scale on often “forgotten” structures. In this context, the expert's role is essential, because he is able to synthesize the information resulting from the inventory and from the commonly imprecise, if not vague, criteria on the basis of his experience and his knowledge of the geological, historical, economic regional context.In this article, we propose mathematical tools for representing and processing this information in order to give flexibility to this step and manage the uncertainty inherent in the expert's information. The first tool, based on the weight of evidence theory, is for managing the uncertainty due to the heterogeneous spatial distribution of the data, whereas the second tool, based on the fuzzy set theory, is for managing the imprecision and incompleteness of available data, which hinder the definition of the class boundaries of the quantitative decision criteria. Based on an appropriate representation of the uncertainty sources (related to the input data and to the expert diagnostic), we then propose a methodology that integrates the uncertainty in the final output of the collapse susceptibility assessment and provides a confidence indicator useful within the decision-making process. The proposed methodology is applied to the Arras territory in the North of France, where abandoned chalk pits (dating back to the Roman ages) and war saps located in the vicinity of the First World War front lines (i.e. covered trenches), raise both difficulties for urban planning.     

《地震岩问题》中译本序

近30年(1987—2016)来,中国的软沉积物变形构造及地震岩研究,取得了很大的进展。但是,其研究思想却欠开放。在这一学术领域,几乎是一种观点,即中国期刊刊出的文章和一些出版的专著,几乎都把软沉积物变形构造当作地震岩。为了扭转这个几乎是一种学术观点的局面,Feng等(2016)写了一篇文章《中国软沉积物变形构造及地震岩研究简评》,并把这篇文章发送给国内外的多位专家,抛砖引玉,邀请他们为“软沉积物变形构造及地震岩”专题研讨会写文章,在会上宣读论文,对这些文章及这一专题中的问题进行认真的讨论和争鸣。     

洁净煤技术应用现状综述

我国是煤炭生产和消费大国 ,大力开发应用适合我国国情的煤炭地下气化技术、工业型煤技术、水煤浆气化技术、煤液化技术、洁净煤联合循环发电技术、煤系废弃物的综合利用技术等洁净煤技术 ,对提高煤炭利用率 ,改善环境状况 ,实现能源工业 (也包括化工及其它相关行业 )的可持续发展 ,有重要意义并具有广阔的发展前景。     

Response analysis of the Higashi–Kobe Bridge and surrounding soil in the 1995 Hyogoken–Nanbu Earthquake

This paper presents results of observation and analysis of the response of one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world to the Hyogoken–Nanbu (Kobe) Earthquake of 17 January 1995. It is determined that interaction of the foundations of the bridge towers with the supporting soil plays a decisive role in the overall structural behaviour. The key factor governing the changes of the soil properties at this site is pore-water pressure buildup, which results in liquefaction of the saturated surface soil layers under large dynamic loads. Models of the soil and structure are created and initially validated by accurately simulating the system response to a small earthquake. Soil parameters reflecting the pore-water pressure buildup in the strong earthquake are determined by an advanced non-linear effective stress analysis, combining the Ramberg–Osgood model of stress–strain dependence with a pore pressure model based on shear work concept. They are utilized to investigate and simulate the interaction of the foundation and the supporting soil using the program SASSI with the flexible volume substructuring approach. The results show a good agreement with the observations and have useful implications to the scientific and engineering practice. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

气象观测设备运行状态综合判定技术应用

从气象观测设备运行保障角度出发,基于各观测设备自身运行状态检测信息,结合气象观测数据、气象观测元数据信息以及各级气象观测技术保障业务人员人工填报业务数据,研制了我国气象观测设备运行状态综合判定技术;同时制订了各气象观测设备运行状态分类标准和显示标准,将设备运行状态分为正常、报警、故障和非观测4类状态,分别用绿色、橙色、蓝色和灰色标识.气象观测设备运行状态综合判定技术在一定程度上促进了我国气象观测装备技术保障工作的规范化、标准化开展.该技术贴合气象装备技术保障业务实际需求,设备运行状态判定真实率达100％,结果经实践证明科学合理有效,基于该方法开展的设备运行监控保障工作提高了观测系统稳定可靠的运行能力.     

电子海图最短距离航线自动生成的改进方法

针对航路二叉树方法绕行碍航区处理不完备、效率低等缺点,提出了最短距离航线自动生成的改进方法。通过复杂碍航区路径的递归搜索和碍航区绕行规则的优化,实现了复杂情形下的航线自动生成;利用方向一致性判断、边界检测和动态包络矩形排斥等策略优化航线生成,并采用递归处理和动态判断的方式求解最短距离航线。此方法与已有的航路二叉树方法相比,在自动生成航线的质量和效率上都有明显提高。     

基于模糊理论和典型线路的地质灾害评价的GIS方法研究

根据影响区域地质灾害发生的地质因素、地形因素、诱发因素和人为因素,建立区域地质灾害评价指标体系,对典型线路穿越的评价试验区进行地质灾害区域评价.由于地质灾害数据不仅含有不确定性而且还有复杂的模糊性,因而选用模糊评价方法.本文主要通过选取典型线路,采用模糊综合评判,利用GIS来进行,该研究结果表明是科学的、合理的和客观的...     

Study of the liquefaction resistance of a saturated sand reinforced with Geosynthetics

This article presents various tests using a cyclic triaxial instrument, on samples of saturated Hostun RF sand, reinforced with circular sheets of geosynthetic material. Tests performed with different types of geosynthetics of different compressibility, rigidity and roughness characteristics indicate a significant increase in liquefaction resistance for samples reinforced with compressible, non-woven geotextiles. The undrained behaviour of saturated Hostun RF sand reinforced with non-woven geotextiles is analysed on the basis of different test series. This analysis highlights the influence of reinforcement compressibility on interstitial pressure distribution in the sample, thus showing the role of this type of inclusion in the increase in liquefaction resistance.     

饱和砂土液化研究进展

根据国内外文献资料,从三方面总结了饱和砂土的最新进展:饱和砂土液化判别方法、砂土液化的试验研究以及液化后分析,特别是探讨了液化对上部结构的影响。最后指出了存在的问题和今后的研究方向。