江西相山火山—侵入杂岩及其包体希土元素地球化学

本文综合性地报道了江西相山中生代中、酸性火山－侵入杂岩的稀土元素地球化学研究，以探讨基底变质岩、火山岩、次火山岩及闪长质包体之间的成因联系和差异性。认为此套火山－侵入杂岩具同源演化关系，推测它们均来源于前震旦系结晶基底，成因上属于陆壳重熔型。这与前人对此研究的主流观点是一致的，同时更具有完整性和系统性。     

Delineation of capture zones for municipal wells in fractured dolomite, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA

A wellhead protection study for the city of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA, demonstrates the necessity of combining detailed hydrostratigraphic analysis with groundwater modeling to delineate zones of contribution for municipal wells in a fractured dolomite aquifer. A numerical model (MODFLOW) was combined with a particle tracking code (MODPATH) to simulate the regional groundwater system and to delineate capture zones for municipal wells. The hydrostratigraphic model included vertical and horizontal fractures and high-permeability zones. Correlating stratigraphic interpretations with field data such as geophysical logs, packer tests, and fracture mapping resulted in the construction of a numerical model with five high-permeability zones related to bedding planes or facies changes. These zones serve as major conduits for horizontal groundwater flow. Dipping fracture zones were simulated as thin high-permeability layers. The locations of exposed bedrock and surficial karst features were used to identify areas of enhanced recharge. Model results show the vulnerability of the municipal wells to pollution. Capture zones for the wells extend several kilometers north and south from the city. Travel times from recharge areas to all wells were generally less than one year. The high seasonal variability of recharge in the study area made the use of a transient model necessary. Electronic Publication     

Radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater from confined parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer, Florida, USA

Geochemical reaction models were evaluated to improve radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater from confined parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer in central and northeastern Florida, USA. The predominant geochemical reactions affecting the ¹⁴C activity of DIC include (1) dissolution of dolomite and anhydrite with calcite precipitation (dedolomitization), (2) sulfate reduction accompanying microbial degradation of organic carbon, (3) recrystallization of calcite (isotopic exchange), and (4) mixing of fresh water with as much as 7% saline water in some coastal areas. The calculated cumulative net mineral transfers are negligibly small in upgradient parts of the aquifer and increase significantly in downgradient parts of the aquifer, reflecting, at least in part, upward leakage from the Lower Floridan aquifer and circulation that contacted middle confining units in the Floridan aquifer system. The adjusted radiocarbon ages are independent of flow path and represent travel times of water from the recharge area to the sample point in the aquifer. Downgradient from Polk City (adjusted age 1.7 ka) and Keystone Heights (adjusted age 0.4 ka), 14 of the 22 waters have adjusted ¹⁴C ages of 20–30 ka, indicating that most of the fresh-water resource in the Upper Floridan aquifer today was recharged during the last glacial period. All of the paleowaters are enriched in ¹⁸O and ²H relative to modern infiltration, with maximum enrichment in δ¹⁸O of approximately 2.0‰. Electronic Publication     

Geochemical Characteristics of the Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks in Central Qiangtang, Tibet: Relation with the Uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

1. Introduction The uplift and evolution of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau has been the most important projects for studying the dynamic process of the plateau, and the uplift mechanism and history are the essential problems. Researches have been done extensively in terms of tectonics, sedimentology, geophysics, paleontology, paleoclimate and paleomagnetism for several tens of years. Many evolution models have been suggested but so far none of them have been explained perfectly. In recent years,…     

南秦岭西乡群孙家河组火山岩形成构造背景及其大地构造意义的讨论

西乡群孙家河组火山岩形成于晚泥盆-早石炭世,组内火山熔岩主要为一套亚碱性玄武岩和安山岩,具有高Ba及显著的Nb、Ta亏损,其Th/Yb、Ta/Yb、Th/Ta、Nb/La和Ti/Zr、Ti/Y等不活动痕量元素组合指示其形成于大陆边缘弧(活动陆缘)环境.这套火山岩在区域上可能与勉略带相联,指示南秦岭泥盆-石炭纪期间一个古洋盆的存在和发育.     

Hydrostatic pressure tests for the permeability - formation factor relation on crystalline rocks from the KTB drilling project

Transport properties (permeability and electrical conductivity) have been measured at different hydrostatic pressure runs on 7 crystalline rocks (gneisses and amphibolites) sampled from the KTB drilling project. The decrease of permeability by pressure are compared with the pressure-dependent data of the electrical conductivity (formation factor) resulting from complex impedance measurements. According to the equivalent-channel model (ECM), there exists a linear relationship between these parameters by representing both properties on logarithmic scales. The results show that it is possible to extrapolate high-pressure permeability from low-pressure (< 60 MPa) permeability data by using the pressure-dependent electrical conductivity (up to 300 MPa).     

塔里木盆地北缘兴地断裂地质特征及与成矿的关系

兴地断裂位于塔里木盆里北缘库鲁克塔格地区，是本区主干断裂之一，它以规模大，埋藏深、活动时间漫长、线性特征明显、变形复杂为特征，对本区的沉积作用、岩浆活动和矿产的形成与分布有明显的控制作用，是本区主要的控岩控矿构造。研究它的地质特与发展演化，对认为本区的区域构造，进行本区的矿产预测具有重要的意义。     

沉积有机质的成烃热模拟实验研究

作者采用小玻管热模拟方法研究了煤及碳质泥岩中藻类体、基质镜质体、沥青质体、运移沥青、角质体、树脂体、孢子体、现代栓皮栎的木栓层,水生植物蓝藻(粘球藻)和水生动物虾蛄的成烃规律。并根据有机组分的荧光特性和显微傅利叶红外光谱特征初步建立了我国煤系源岩生油组分及现代海生生物蓝藻和虾蛄的生油模式。研究结果表明:结构藻类体生油晚,结束晚;不同类型的基质镜质体和沥青质体的成烃过程存在差异,且基质镜质体可早期生油;现代木栓组织的成烃模拟支持了木栓质体早期生油的观点;角质体、基质镜质体B的成烃具多阶段性的特点;现代粘球藻具生油晚,结束晚,且成烃范围宽;水生动物虾蛄具成烃早,结束早,且成烃范围窄的特点。     

The Origin of Bedded Cherts of the Early Permian Gufeng Formation in the Lower Yangtze Area, Eastern China

Bedded cherts occurring in the Early Permian Gufeng Formation in the Lower Yangtze region, eastern China, are nearly 20-80 m in thickness and contain varying amounts of radiolarians and sponge spicules. There are three types of section for the Gufeng Formation: chert, carbonate and chert-carbonate mixing types. Bedded cherts mainly occur in the first and third types of section. The depocentres of silica are marked by some small (not larger than a few thousand square kilometres in area) rhombic or elliptic hollows and their formation was controlled by faults. Argillaceous volcanic rocks in cherts occur as numerous thin layers. Bedded cherts are characterized by higher Fe and lower Al contents, enrichment in such trace elements as As, Sb, Bi, Ga, Au, Ag and Cr, lower total REE abundance, negative Ce anomaly and varying degrees of HREE enrichment. These characteristics are important evidence for hydrothermal cherts. Minor amounts of substances of non-hydrothermal origin are mixed in the cherts. The tempera     

微束分析技术在有机岩石学研究中的应用现状

介绍了扫描电镜能谱、透射电镜、二次离子质谱、激光微探针质谱、显微傅立叶红外光谱等几种微束分析技术的性能特点，系统地论述了其在有机岩石学在应用现状与进展，并较详细地阐述了利用上述技术研究塔里木盆地烃源岩显微组分的结果。