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941.
The Limahe Ni–Cu sulfide deposit is hosted by a small mafic–ultramafic intrusion (800 × 200 × 300 m) that is temporally associated
with the voluminous Permian flood basalts in SW China. The objective of this study is to better understand the origin of the
deposit in the context of regional magmatism which is important for the ongoing mineral exploration in the region. The Limahe
intrusion is a multiphase intrusion with an ultramafic unit at the base and a mafic unit at the top. The two rock units have
intrusive contacts and exhibit similar mantle-normalized trace element patterns and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions but significantly
different cumulus mineralogy and major element compositions. The similarities suggest that they are related to a common parental
liquid, whereas the differences point to magma differentiation by olivine crystallization at depth. Sulfide mineralization
is restricted to the ultramafic unit. The abundances of sulfides in the ultramafic unit generally increase towards the basal
contacts with sedimentary footwall. The δ
34S values of sulfide minerals from the Limahe deposit are elevated, ranging from +2.4 to +5.4‰. These values suggest the involvement
of external S with elevated δ
34S values. The mantle-normalized platinum-group element (PGE) patterns of bulk sulfide ores are similar to those of picrites
associated with flood basalts in the region. The abundances of PGE in the sulfide ores, however, are significantly lower than
that of sulfide liquid expected to segregate from undepleted picrite magma. Cr-spinel and olivine are present in the Limahe
ultramafic rocks as well as in the picrites. Mantle-normalized trace element patterns of the Limahe intrusion generally resemble
those of the picrites. However, negative Nb–Ta anomalies, common features of contamination with the lower or middle crust,
are present in the intrusion but absent in the picrites. Sr–Nd isotopes suggest that the Limahe intrusion experienced higher
degrees of contamination with the upper crust than did the picrites. The results of this study permit us to suggest that the
parental magma of the Limahe intrusion was derived from picritic magma by olivine fractionation and contamination in a staging
chamber at mid-crustal levels. Depletion of PGE in the sulfide ores in the Limahe intrusion is likely due to previous sulfide
segregation of the parental magmas in the staging chamber. Sulfide mineralization in the Limahe intrusion is related to second-stage
sulfide segregation after the fractionated magmas acquired external S from pyrite-bearing country rocks during magma ascent
to the Limahe chamber. The abrupt change in mineralogical and chemical compositions between the ultramafic unit and the overlying
unit suggests that at least two separate pulses of magma were involved in the development of the Limahe intrusion. We propose
that the Limahe intrusion was once a wider part of a dynamic conduit that fed magma to the overlying subvolcanic dykes/sills
or lavas. The ultramafic unit formed by the first, relatively more primitive magma, and the mafic unit formed by the second,
relatively more fractionated magma. Immiscible sulfide droplets that segregated from the first magma settled down with olivine
crystals to form the sulfide-bearing, olivine-rich rocks in the base of the intrusion. The overlying residual liquids were
then pushed out of the chamber by the second magma. Critical factors for the formation of an economic Ni–Cu sulfide deposit
in such a small intrusion include the dynamic petrologic processes involved and the availability of external sulfur. The Limahe
deposit reminds us that small, multiphase, mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the region should not be overlooked for the potential
of economic Ni–Cu sulfide deposits. 相似文献
942.
We investigated the weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks and its environmental effects in subtropical regions of China. The investigation demonstrated that the weathering- pedogenesis of carbonate rocks is the process of a joint action of corrosion and illuviation and metasomatism in subtropical region. It is characterized by multi-stage, multi-path and multi-style. With the persisting development of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks, metasomatic pedogenesis progressively became the main process of the weathering-pedogenesis and the dominant style of formation of minerals. And it proceeds through the whole process of evolution of the weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks. The stage evolution of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks and the fractionation evolution of newly produced minerals are characterized by obvious vertically zoning structures and the rules of gradation of elements geochemical characteristics in the carbonate rocks weathering profiles. The geochemical process of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks can be divided into three geochemical evolution stages, i.e., the Ca, Mg-depletion and Si, Al-enrichment stage; the Fe, Mn enrichment stage and the Si-depletion and Al-enrichment stage in the subtropical regions. Consistent with the three geochemical evolution stages, the sequence of formation and evolution of minerals can be divided into the clay mineral stage; the Fe, Mn oxide and the gibbsite stage. The influence of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks on the chemical forms of heavy elements is mainly affected via newly produced components and minerals in the process of weathering-pedogenesis, e.g., iron oxide minerals and organic matters. The important mechanism for the mobilization, transport and pollution of F and As is affected the selective adsorption and desorption of F and As on the surface of iron oxide minerals in the subtropical karst zones, i.e., the selective adsorption and desorption on mineral surfaces of newly produced minerals in the process of weath 相似文献
943.
西天山阿吾拉勒埃达克质岩石成因:Nd和Sr同位素组成的限制 总被引:28,自引:11,他引:28
西天山阿吾拉勒二叠纪钠质英安岩和钠长斑岩具有与埃达克岩一致的高Sr,低Y、Yb和Eu正异常等独特岩石地球化学特征。系统的Nd和Sr同位素组成研究表明,其(^143Nd/^144Nd)i为0.512384-0.512470,εNd(t)为正值(+1.57-+3.26);(^87Sr/^86Sr)i为0.0751-0.7054,与本区同时代幔源玄武岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成特征相似,但与俯冲洋壳部分熔融成因埃达克岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成有显著区别。结合这些埃达克质岩石形成二叠纪后碰撞阶段构造背景,认为本区埃达克质岩浆最有可能由新底侵的玄武质下地壳在角闪岩相向榴辉岩相过渡或榴辉岩相的条件下部分熔融形成,是西天山晚古生代后碰撞阶段地幔玄武岩浆底侵作用和地壳垂向增生的重要岩石标志。 相似文献
944.
华北克拉通北缘西段中元古代花岗岩类的特征及其形成构造环境 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
华北克拉通北缘西段中元古代花岗岩类仅见于查干础鲁-霍尔森构造带以南的雅布赖-巴音诺尔公构造带中,整体上受NEE向长寿命线性构造控制。据岩性可分为斜长花岗岩和石英闪长岩两类。斜长花岗岩为S型花岗岩,但具有向I型过渡的特征,富含Cr,Ni,SiO2,Al2O3,其均值分别为672μg/g,405μg/g,71.40%和14.93%。δEu值变化大,介于0.34和3.95之间,起源于幔源岩浆与壳源物质的混合。石英闪长岩为典型的I型花岗岩,其Cr,Ni含量的均值分别为220μg/g和162μg/g,类似于华南同熔型花岗岩。斜长花岗岩中的锆石U-Pb等时线上交年龄为1256Ma,代表了发生于华北克拉通北缘西段的一次构造-热事件。伴随这一构造-热事件,华北克拉通北缘西段发生拉伸裂解,进入拉张型过渡壳阶段。中元古代花岗岩类是这一构造热事件的重要产物。在这一构造-热事件中,推测查干础鲁-霍尔森一线地壳减薄最大,其北侧的宗乃山-沙拉扎山构造带因无同时代岩浆作用,为非火山型被动陆缘,南侧的雅布赖-巴音诺尔公构造带广泛发育了花岗岩类,镁铁质、超镁铁质侵入岩,以及火山-沉积组合,为火山型被动陆缘,二者构成被动陆缘“对”。 相似文献
945.
946.
The influence of Cenozoic tectonics on the groundwater-production capacity of fractured zones: a case study in Sao Paulo, Brazil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new procedure is developed to correlate structural lineaments recognised through air-photo interpretation with subsurface
fracture features that are associated with zones of high groundwater production in fractured-rock environments. The analysis
approach is referred to as the homogeneous tectonic domain (HTD) method and involves correlating the lineament features of
a given area with the orientation of the primary stress fields and fracture structures associated with the recent tectonic
history that affected the region of study. The main premise of the method is that the most recent tectonic events in a given
area have had the most significant influence on the nature of the existing fracture network and subsequently on the regional
groundwater flow characteristics.
A study site was selected within the state of S?o Paulo, Brazil, where a complex tectonic history dating back to Precambrian
time has generated significant fracture porosity in the bedrock environment. The bedrock is heavily used in this area as a
domestic and industrial aquifer. The most recent tectonic activity is associated with five distinct Cenozoic events that generated
fracture features through both shear and extension stress fields. Due to the mode of formation, fracture zones generated by
extension tend to have the largest effective apertures and are the most conductive to groundwater. By applying the HTD method
in a series of test areas where specific Cenozoic events were dominant, fracture trends generated by shear and extension mechanisms
could be identified. Water-well production capacity was correlated with proximity to extension-type structures in most cases.
Other factors, such as the type of rock the well was completed in, had a much weaker influence on well capacity.
Through this application, the HTD approach is shown to provide a methodology for delineating fractured areas within rock environments
that have high potential for groundwater-resource development by combining classical lineament analysis with a clear understanding
of the tectonic history of a given area.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
947.
Wang Mingyu The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA Department of Water Resources Environmental Engineering China University of Geosciences Beijing Chen Jinsong Wan Li Department of Water Resources Environmental Engineering 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(3)
INTRODUCTIONGroundwaterorfluidflowmodelinginfracturedrocksisacomplicatedtheoreticalandappliedtopic.Boththeoreticallyandoperationally ,itisimportantinmanyfieldssuchasgeologicalandhydrogeologicalengineering ,environmentalengineeringandpetroleumengineerin… 相似文献
948.
949.
950.
东升庙矿床狼山群二组含矿地层中石英钠长浅(变)粒岩类(Ⅰ类,w(SiO2)=70.47%~73.02%)、黑云钠—更长片岩类(Ⅱ1类,w(SiO2)=52.00%~54.43%)和钠—更长绿泥(角闪)片岩类(Ⅱ2类,w(SiO2)=47.44%~48.86%)具如下特征:(1)稳定呈层产出,并与上、下相邻地层一道褶皱、变形;(2)含有变余斑晶和晶屑;(3)轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损;(4)多种岩石化学图解一致表明它们是正变质岩;(5)Ⅰ类与Ⅱ1类呈上、下层关系连续产出等特征,确认它们都是变质火山岩夹层,并具有“双峰式”组合.研究表明本矿床形成于元古宙大陆边缘的裂谷盆地. 相似文献