基于土壤学知识的主成分分析判断土壤重金属来源

以无锡城乡交错区和郑州市郊区为例,基于土壤学知识,在主成分分析中综合运用土壤基本理化性质和土壤重金属数据对土壤重金属的主要来源进行分析,讨论不同采样方案对主成分分析结果的影响。结果表明:基于土壤学知识的主成分分析有助于增强对数据分析结果的解释,区分土壤重金属的不同来源,但运用该法时应考虑到采样方案对分析结果的影响。     

鄂西宜昌地区五峰组——龙马溪组黑色岩系硅质来源及其油气地质意义

为了查明鄂西五峰组—龙马溪组富有机质页岩的硅质来源,明确不同硅质来源的页岩气地质意义,促进页岩气勘探开发,本文通过系统的样品采集与分析测试,对宜昌地区五峰组—龙马溪组下部黑色岩系的硅质来源、特征及其对有机质富集和储层特征的影响进行了深入研究。结果表明,鄂西宜昌地区五峰组—龙马溪组黑色岩系硅质矿物含量高,过量硅含量在2.59%～88.31%,平均27.91%,且过量硅主要发育于凯迪阶与鲁丹阶的深水陆棚环境;显微镜下可见大量棱角状陆源碎屑石英,硅质岩中可见具有溶蚀边的硅质生物化石,如放射虫、海绵骨针等;页岩样品TiO₂与Al₂O₃平均含量只有0.63%和12.41%,且SiO₂与TiO₂、Al₂O₃呈现明显的负相关,Si/(Si+Al+Fe)和A1/(A1+Fe+Mn)比值分别为0.81和0.77,Eu/Eu^*具有明显的负异常,过量硅与U/Th、Ni含量之间相关性不明显,表明鄂西宜昌地区五峰组—龙马溪组黑色岩系硅质来...     

浙江治岭头钼铅锌金多金属矿床矿质来源的硫、铅同位素示踪及成矿时代

治岭头矿床上部(火山岩盖层)以铅锌矿床、硫矿床为主,中间(变质岩基底)以金银矿、铅锌矿为主,深部(侵入岩体)以斑岩型钼矿床为主的"三层楼"模式。本文在前人研究的基础上,通过辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年技术对治岭头矿床进行了成矿时代的厘定。6件辉钼矿样品的模式年龄为113.7～114.6 Ma,加权平均年龄为114.03±1.78 Ma,表明治岭头钼多金属矿床成矿作用发生于早白垩世晚期。该矿床辉钼矿样品的Re含量变化于16.05×10^-6～66.29×10^-6,表明其成矿物质具有壳幔混源的特征。矿石硫同位素组成变化范围较窄(-2.1‰～2.6‰),具有相对均一的来源,可能主要来自上地幔或下地壳的深源岩浆,但也可能受到陆壳沉积物的混染。治岭头钼铅锌金多金属矿床矿石铅同位素组成变化范围比较小,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb的范围分别为38.765～39.137、15.523～15....     

Sources of uncertainty in the NRCS CN model: Recognition and solutions

The Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number model is one of the most recognizable procedures in the field of rainfall–run‐off estimation. It has been widely applied for different purposes in hydrological models. In spite of its widespread use, some uncertainties have not even clarified and must be examined for its proper application. Particularly, choosing the most representative rainfall–run‐off events, and the coefficient λ that relates the parameters of the model (curve number CN and initial abstraction I_a). In this research, an advanced analysis is developed to evaluate the influence of λ for a set of representative watersheds of the Agricultural Research Service of the United Stated Department of Agriculture. They are characterized by different soil properties, land uses, and climatic conditions. Finally, 2 novel methodologies for the selection of the most representative rainfall–run‐off events and for the adaptation of coefficient λ are included, based on the pattern of rainfall distribution.     

Patterns in the linkage of water quantity and quality during low‐flows

This study investigates 72 catchments across the federal state of Baden‐Wuerttemberg, Germany, for changes in water quality during low‐flow events. Data from the state's water quality monitoring network provided seven water quality parameters (water temperature, electrical conductivity, concentrations of chloride, sodium, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate), which were statistically related to streamflow variability. Water temperature changes during low‐flow showed seasonal dependence. Nitrate concentrations revealed high spatial heterogeneity with about one third of the stations showing decreasing values during low discharge. For most other parameters, concentrations increased during low‐flow. Despite consistent trend directions, the magnitudes of changes with streamflow differed markedly across the state. Both multiple linear regression and a multiple analysis of variances were applied to explain these differences with the help of catchment characteristics. Results indicated that for sulfate and conductivity, geology of the catchments was the most important control, whereas for chloride, sodium, and nitrate, sewage treatment plants had the largest influence. For phosphate, no clear control could be identified. Independent from the applied method, land use was a less important control on river water quality during low‐flow than geology or inflow from sewage treatment plants. These results show that the effects of diffuse and point sources, as well as those of natural and anthropogenic sources differ for different water quality parameters. Overall, a high diversity of potential water quality deterioration signals needs to be considered when the ecological status of rivers is to be protected during low‐flow events.     

Optical identification of the source IGR J08390-4833 from the INTEGRAL all-sky survey

Results of the optical identification of the hard X-ray source IGR J08390-4833 recently discovered in the INTEGRAL all-sky survey are presented. We show that the source is most likely a cataclysmic variable, i.e., an accreting white dwarf in a binary. Analysis of its optical light curve clearly reveals intrinsic variability on timescales of the order of an hour or longer. However, the short time of the source’s optical observations does not allow a definitive conclusion about the periodicity of the detected variability to be reached. Further optical and X-ray observations are required for a more accurate classification of the source.     

气提工艺在原油稳定装置中的应用研究

原油稳定工艺是国内各大油田普遍实施的降低油气蒸发损耗、实现油气密闭集输、提高轻烃收率的重要措施。本课题结合中原油田原油稳定装置运行现状及存在的问题,进行了气提工艺在原油稳定装置中的技术改造和应用研究,以降低装置运行费用,提高轻烃回收率,使中原油田的原油稳定工艺达到一个新的水平。     

Impact of past mining activity on the quality of groundwater in SW Sardinia (Italy)

Hydrogeochemical surveys were carried out in SW Sardinia (Italy) to investigate the impact of past mining activities on the quality of groundwater. The chemistry of waters from flooded galleries, adits and dumps has been compared with that of springs and wells in the same area at sites relatively far from any mine legacy. A feature, common to all waters, is the circumneutral pH, since the carbonate formations in the area neutralise the acidity produced by the oxidation of Fe-bearing sulphide minerals in the mine impacted water. However, groundwater interacting with mine workings is degraded in quality; it shows high dissolved SO₄, Zn, Cd and Pb contents. In some cases groundwater exceeds the limit established by the guidelines of the World Health Organization for Pb content in drinking water, so that groundwater is mixed before entering the local aqueducts. Results from this study suggest that more attention needs to be paid to the impact on the streams from contaminated water flowing out from some mine areas because during the dry season these streams are only fed by mine groundwater. We recommend focusing efforts to reduce the chemical contamination prior to discharge.     

含自相容源的可积系统

含自相容源的可积方程（SESCSs）是一类重要的非线性偏微分方程,研究其可积性和寻求其精确解都具有重要的数学意义,SESCSs描述的是不同孤波间的相互作用,又有重要的物理意义。这类方程也正丰富了Lax可积系统的内容。从可积意义上详细介绍了含自相容源的可积方程,与求解此类方程有关的构造含自相容源的可积方程的方法。给出Lax可积的概念,作为例子,给出了含自相容源的非等谱KdV方程族、含自相容源的非等谱AKNS方程族及其Lax表示。     

河南熊耳山地区金矿的控矿因素分析

熊耳山地区金矿的成矿物质来源主要来自基底太华群中深成变质岩、燕山期钙碱性岩浆岩以及构造蚀变岩。矿床受燕山期岩浆岩和构造控制明显,不同级别的构造控制着金矿的规模和展布。控矿断裂具有明显的方向性,断裂交汇处及断面产状变化处控制矿体或富矿体产出。文章从花岗岩特征和构造的控矿作用方面总结该区金矿的成矿规律,以期为进一步找矿提供借鉴。