Wave Interactions with Multiple Semi-Immersed Jarlan-Type Perforated Breakwaters

This study examines wave interactions with multiple semi-immersed Jarlan-type perforated breakwaters. A numerical model based on linear wave theory and an eigenfunction expansion method has been developed to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of breakwaters. The numerical results show a good agreement with previous analytical results and experimental data for limiting cases of double partially immersed impermeable walls and double and triple Jarlan-type breakwaters. The wave transmission coefficient C_T; reflection coefficient C_R, and energy dissipation coefficient C_E coefficients and the horizontal wave force exerted on the front and rear walls are examined. The results show that C_R reaches the maximum value when B/L = 0.46n while it is smallest when B/L=0.46n+0.24 (n=0, 1, 2,...). An economical triple semi-immersed Jarlan-type perforated breakwater can be designed with B/L = 0.25 and C_R and C_T ranging from 0.25 to 0.32 by choosing a relative draft d/h of 0.35 and a permeability parameter of the perforated front walls being 0.5 for an incident wave number kh nearly equal to 2.0. The triple semi-immersed Jarlan-type perforated breakwaters with significantly reduced C_R, will enhance the structure’s wave absorption ability, and lead to smaller wave forces compared with the double one. The proposed model may be used to predict the response of a structure in the preliminary design stage for practical engineering.     

中国大陆速度场模型建立方法研究

将中国大陆划分成东北、华北、华南、青藏、西北5个块体,基于克里金插值法、最小二乘配置法、最小二乘配置移动拟合推估法等3种方法及速度场数据研究中国大陆速度场模型建立方法。利用外检点分析不同建模方法的精度情况,最小二乘配置法在大部分块体（华北、华南、东北块体）的拟合精度都较高,表现稳定|克里金插值法在青藏、华北块体的拟合精度较高。利用克里金插值法与最小二乘配置法获取中国大陆1°×1°格网中心点速度场成果,两种方法成果差异较小。     

一种基于丹麦法的改进型双步M估计

针对抗差估计方法初值与临界值选取不当的问题,提出一种以L1-范估计的平差值作为初值、以改进的丹麦法权函数作为第一步抗差阶段权函数的双步M估计,该方法既具有较强的抗差性,又具有最小二乘的最优性。试验表明,该方法估计结果与无粗差时的LS估计结果基本一致,抗差效果明显优于传统抗差估计方法与其他两步抗差估计。     

A theoretical study on terrestrial gravimetric data refinement by Earth gravity models

The idea of this paper is to present estimators for combining terrestrial gravity data with Earth gravity models and produce a high‐quality source of the Earth's gravity field data through all wavelengths. To do so, integral and point‐wise estimators are mathematically developed, based on the spectral combination theory, in such a way that they combine terrestrial data with one and/or two Earth gravity models. The integral estimators are developed so that they become biased or unbiased to a priori information. For testing the quality of the estimators, their global mean square errors are generated using an Earth gravity model08 model and one of the recent products of the gravity field and steady‐state ocean circulation explorer mission. Numerical results show that the integral estimators have smaller global root mean square errors than the point‐wise ones but they are not efficient practically. The integral estimator of the biased type is the most suited due to its smallest global root mean square error comparing to the rest of the estimators. Due largely to the omission errors of Earth gravity models the point‐wise estimators are not sensitive to the Earth gravity model commission error; therefore, the use of high‐degree Earth gravity models is very influential for reduction of their root mean square errors. Also it is shown that the use of the ocean circulation explorer Earth gravity model does not significantly reduce the root mean square errors of the presented estimators in the presence of Earth gravity model08. All estimators are applied in the region of Fennoscandia and a cap size of 2° for numerical integration and a maximum degree of 2500 for generation of band‐limited kernels are found suitable for the integral estimators.     

用于变形监测的最小二乘滤波数据处理

随着全站仪在测量工作中的广泛使用,以坐标为观测值的数据处理成为内业工作的主要内容。根据最小二乘滤波原理,将工程岩土体变形监测中所获得的坐标观测值及其他常规观测值进行联合平差。结果表明,滤波后变形点的点位精度最大可提高1.35 mm,最弱点亦提高0.94 mm,均明显高于直接观测结果,而且各类观测值之间所形成的约束条件进一步增强了平差结果的可靠性。     

由GOCE高低卫卫跟踪数据反演地球重力场的模拟研究

根据调和分析法、最小二乘法,建立利用扰动位数据解算地球重力场的实用数学模型。结果表明,采用不同数据量和不同采样率的观测数据对重力场模型解算结果有一定影响,不同分辨率的观测数据恢复重力场模型的精度差异较大,调和分析法精度优于最小二乘法。     

方钢管混凝土框架内隔板节点抗震性能的试验研究

本文设计了一榀三层两跨的方钢管混凝土框架模型,梁柱节点采用内隔板节点型式。采用拟静力试验方法,对方钢管混凝土框架施加低周反复水平荷载,研究了方钢管混凝土框架内隔板节点的荷载一位移曲线、节点延性、节点破坏机制和破坏特点等抗震性能。研究结果表明,方钢管混凝土框架内隔板节点的抗震性能较好。     

几种统计预测方法对1998年南京降水的跨季节预测试验及分析

对1998年南京降水分别设计并开展了求和自回归滑动平均（Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average,ARIMA）模型预测、经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）预测和基于Hilbert变换（HilbertTransformation,HT）的幅频分离预测等3种跨季节统计预测试验。结果表明：ARIMA模型预测结果存在明显的系统性误差且对夏季的降水突变现象预测困难;EMD分解预测的结果虽在降水演变趋势上有明显提高,但仍未能预测出夏季的强降水突变现象,究其原因可能是对高频分量预测效果不好所致;而基于Hilbert变换的幅频分离预测方法能够对各模态分量的瞬时频率和瞬时振幅实施隔离预测,消除两者的相互影响,显著改善高频模态的预测效果,使得最终预测结果最为理想,不仅具有最高的趋势相关性和最小的偏差,而且还较好地预测出了夏季两次强降水过程。不仅如此,在对2003年的降水预测验证中,基于Hilbert变换的幅频分离预测方法同样具有最好的预测效果,表明该方法预测效果较为稳定,为改进跨季节短期气候统计预测技术提供了一个新思路。     

MATLAB语言在非线性最小二乘估计中的应用

伴随着测量事业的发展,要编制测量参数估计的矩阵运算程序越来越复杂,难度也越来越大。MATLAB与其他编程语言相比,具有简单直观、速度快等特点。本文将MATLAB语言运用于非线性模型参数估计,并给出了单纯形法进行非线性参数估计的函数程序。     

抗差卡尔曼滤波及其在动态水准网平差中的应用

介绍了标准卡尔曼滤波方程,总结了稳健M估计的基本方法,并根据等价权原理导出卡尔曼滤波的抗差估计方程,方程的形式与卡尔曼滤波方程相似,给出了卡尔曼滤波稳健估计的计算步骤.最后,以动态水准监测为例进行了模拟计算,证明了该方法的有效性.