Architectures and evolution of arid alluvial fans: Insights from a flume experiment

Using time-lapse cameras and a 3D laser scanner,74 groups of geomorphic data of alluvial fans were obtained through flume experiments. Then a detailed sedimentary analysis based on these data was performed by using a quantitative software to reveal the sedimentary evolution process of the arid alluvial fan and its depositional architecture. Results suggest that there are obvious differences in hydrodynamics,water flow patterns and growth pattern during the evolution of arid alluvial fans. Based on these differences,the experiment is divided into three stages,including an early,middle,and late stage. In the early stage,the fan surface hydrodynamics was relatively strong,and the sheet flow dominated the deposition. According to the distribution of sheet flow deposits,it can be divided into wide-spread sheet flow deposition and local sheet flow deposition. In the middle period of the experiment,the hydrodynamic strength and expansion rate at the middle-distal part of the fan body reduced. The non-confined channel which is close to the source dominated the deposition,and terminal lobe was mainly deposited on the edge of the river channel. In the late stage of the experiment,the hydrodynamic further reduced causing by the large fan surface and confined channels were the main deposits. Through the flume experiment,an arid alluvial fan depositional architecture model with a three-layer structure has been established. The bottom layer is of a sheet flow lobe complex,the middle layer is characterized by unconfined channels and terminal lobes,and the top layer is constituted by stacked confined channels and small terminal lobes.     

煤层顶板导水裂缝带高度综合探查技术

新建矿井应进行顶板\     

潘二矿下向卸压开采高应力演化特征试验研究

为研究深部近距离煤层群下向卸压开采高应力演化的特征,根据潘二煤矿深部近距离煤层群8煤和6煤地质与开采技术条件,设计了下向卸压开采的二维相似材料模拟试验模型,对8煤和6煤开采引起的采动应力进行监测。系统分析了8煤下向开采与6煤开采后的采场围岩采动应力、岩层运移及不规则煤柱对采动应力演化的影响,获得了近距离煤层群8煤下向卸压开采的顶底板采动高应力演化特征及6煤回采期间覆岩运移、采动应力裂隙演化和来压特征,得出了下向卸压开采不规则煤柱对采动应力、裂隙分布的影响规律。研究不仅为以采动高应力演化为主导作用的煤岩动力灾害防治提供了理论基础,也为卸压开采采场参数设计与优化提供了技术支撑。     

价值与异质性:选择实验下的滨海游憩环境评价

海岸公园环境管理作为重要的生态经济发展问题,在制定有效政策时,相关信息至关重要,尤其是与娱乐或游憩相关的环境属性经济价值评价。本文以大连沿海公园为研究区域,选取海滩类型、垃圾情况、水质清澈度、拥挤程度四个环境要素,采用三种离散选择模型对游客的环境改善支付意愿(Willingness to pay,WTP)进行了估算。研究发现水质改善和减少垃圾的经济价值最高,分别为40.69元和70.55元,另外,游客对于拥挤程度的改善意愿不明显(–0.12元)。此外,本研究针对公园属性组合对受访者偏好及异质性进行了分析,结果表明,在给定的属性因素中,不同游客个体特征下的WTP存在显著的异质性,女性游客较男性对水质改善有着更高的WTP,游客收入水平与支付意愿也有明显的正相关性,从事游泳和划船活动的游客对水质的WTP较高(59.83元)。这些发现为沿海公园管理者制定有价值的政策提供了有用的信息。     

高岭石和硅／铝-氧化物对腐殖酸的吸附实验研究

矿物结合的腐殖质可改变矿物的表面性质,矿物对腐殖酸的吸附强度与矿物的吸附位性质、密度、荷电性及比表面积有关.若按比表面积计算,矿物对腐殖酸的吸附强度顺序为氢氧化铝>高岭石>石英;按单位质量计算,吸附强度顺序为高岭石>氢氧化铝>石英.研究表明,矿物表面活性受水溶液pH值的调控,且当pH值在4～7时,上述3种矿物对腐殖酸的吸附机理为石英主要表现为氢键作用;氢氧化铝主要表现为配体交换表面配位作用;高岭石表现为多种形式并存,包括氢键、配体交换表面配位和疏水性作用以及金属离子桥键作用.     

金沙江溪洛渡地区叠加褶皱及工程地质意义

金沙江溪洛渡地区古—中生代沉积地层中发育复杂的褶皱构造，它们是喜马拉雅运动期间经3期褶皱叠加而成，其叠加方式主要有跨褶、移褶、限褶、重褶等。大比例尺填图及构造解析表明，区内第3期褶皱——箐口复式背斜形成地下分水岭，构成了金沙江溪洛渡水电站库首至下游可能渗漏路径上的挡水墙，岩溶管道式渗漏不会发生。区内第3期褶皱的首次厘定及研究，对溪洛渡巨型水电站库首渗漏研究具有极为重要的意义。     

一种新型人工降雨入渗实验系统研制

人工降雨入渗实验是产流过程与机理研究的重要手段之一。为了提高人工实验观测的精度和可靠性,通过技术升级改造,研制了一种新型人工降雨入渗实验系统,主要包括下垫面系统、人工降雨系统和数据观测记录系统三部分。开展了25场人工降雨入渗实验对该系统的各项指标和功能进行验证。并用Horton下渗公式对各场次下渗过程线进行拟合,各场次的拟合结果良好,均方根误差小于0.15,相关系数和纳西效率系数分别在0.97和0.95左右。研究结果表明该系统在降雨时间过程的平稳性与空间分布的均匀性、流量观测的精度与时间分辨率、系统的自动化程度与便携性等方面表现优异,能够为降雨入渗产流机理研究提供重要的技术支撑。     

广西金牙金矿床构造动力成矿高温高压实验及其研究意义

作者根据金牙金矿床地质,成矿物质和介质来源,成矿温、压和物理化学条件和矿体分布等特征研究认为,该矿床的形成与构造动力有关。据此,确定实验的温、压条件,并适当考虑岩石含水量的影响。实验结果表明:岩石、矿物变形随温、压和含水量增加而由脆性向韧性变化,溶(熔)点降低。溶解度升高;岩石中高能量、高应力部位发生破裂、变形,之后应力、能量释放而变为低应力、低能量部位。Fe,S,As,Au,Ag等元素活化,矿物、岩石挤压溶解(熔融)和析水,由高应力、高能量部位驱向低应力、低能量的裂缝运移、扩容充填、汇聚、结晶成矿。证实了该金矿床的成矿机制和成矿模式。     

REE Biological Metallogeny —A Preliminary Study

Five species of bacteria have been found in granite-weathering profiles of Ore District 701.They tend to decrease in varieties and quantities from the upper part down-ward, and no bacterium has been brought up below the depth of 10 m.The simulating experiments done by using humic acid of small molecular weight ,and decanedioic acid extracted from the samples and the bacteria mentioned above have shown that:(1)The dissolving rates of REEs from humic acid original rock or decanedioic acid original rock are lower than those from humic acid bacteria original rock or decanedioic acid bacteria original rock.The presence of bacteria may accelerate the formation of REE-organic complexes and make the complexes increase in quantity.Aminoacids in the bacteria are involved in coordination balance.The concentrations of the complexes tend to increase as a result of the formation of the complexes,i.e., the dissolution, complexation, migration and accumulation of REEs from the original rocks will be accelerated.(2)The metabolism of microorganisms has contributed a lot to keeping a pH environment in the weathering crust.     

高速公路路基膨胀土填料改性处理及应用

膨胀土能否作为高速公路路基填料一直是个有争议的问题。本文在前人理论的基础上，对宁靖盐高速公路在施工中所遇到的膨胀土进行了一系列的改性处理试验，总结出膨胀土改性的具体办法，并对具体的施工技术作了相应的研究。