船舶减纵摇方法研究

针对现有减小船舶纵摇的方法和装置进行总结和分析,并在此基础之上详细介绍一种新型十字型的被动式抗纵摇舵.通过对比分析,抗纵摇舵对于船舶具有明显地减小纵摇的减摇效果.     

香蕉叶片组织细胞结构特性与耐寒性的关系

对广东目前推广的 4个香蕉良种以及粉蕉和大蕉进行切片显微观察 ,并结合低温处理的电导率测定 ,结果表明 ,香蕉叶片组织细胞结构紧密度 (CTR值 )与品种的耐寒性密切相关 ,且具有相对的稳定性 ,可作为香蕉耐寒性的鉴定指标。供试品种耐寒力强弱依次为粉蕉、大蕉、威廉斯 (8818)、“巴西”、“93- 1”、广东二号 (6 3- 1)。     

银杏叶有效成分提取工艺研究

用正交实验探讨了银杏叶有效成分的最佳提取工艺。研究结果表明,在乙醇体积浓度为60%,回流温度为80℃,提取时间为3h的条件下,银杏叶提取效果最好;并分别用Al3 和红外光谱法对提取物有效成分进行了定性检测。该实验操作简单,重复性好,可行性强,为后续精制工艺提供前提条件。     

黑河地区土壤及小麦体内水分动态观测分析

研究了甘肃黑河地区麦田土壤水分的变化动态。对春小麦同部位叶片及不同土壤分析的叶水势、气孔导度和蒸腾强度的日变化规律进行了观测和分析。对春小麦叶鞘、叶片和茎水势的变化民政部进行了比较。分析了土壤水分对叶水势、气孔导度和蒸腾强度的影响。建立了相对应的函数关系。     

小偃54小麦的抗逆性表现

小偃54是一个具有杂种优势、品质优良的小麦品种。通过在豫南试种、示范及对其生理机制探讨发现：它有发达的根系，可在逆境中充分吸收营养、水分等，以满足自身营养需要和加大蒸发量，以调解渍水及旱灾条件下的生理功能和提高抵御病、旱、涝、倒伏等自然灾害的抗逆能力；具有旗叶中等、旗叶上挺的特征，因此通风透光较好，冠层温度较低，具有较高的抗干热风能力。此外，它是蛋白质含量很高的优质小麦，又是氮高效基因型，既能在逆境胁迫下充分吸收营养，又能用自身能量维护渍水条件下的生存需要，同时它又是属于高效低营养基因型。尤其适合在低磷协迫下利用其自身遗传生理特性去活化吸收营养，调解抗逆能力，获得较高产量。     

黑河中游沙枣树干液流的动态变化及其与林木个体生长的关系

利用热脉冲树干液流仪, 在生长季节对黑河中游防风固沙树种沙枣树干液流速率进行了连续观测, 结果表明: 沙枣树干液流速率没有明显的昼夜变化规律, 树干液流日平均值在(1.41±0.52)~(2.00±0.66)g·cm^-2·h^-1之间; 树干液流速率8月份最高, 7月份次之, 6月与9月份基本一致。不同的单株在相同月份平均树干液流速率存在差异。树干液流与树木的胸径、胸径的平方与树高之积呈复合指数函数关系, 与边材面积呈线性关系, 与叶面积指数呈现三次幂函数关系。     

基于遥感和地面数据的景观尺度叶面积指数和生物量的模拟

The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper,The procedure was:(1) annual maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the landscape was calculated from TM images;(2) the relationship model between NDVI and LAI was built and annual maximum LAI over the landscape was simulated;(3) the relationship models between LAI and biomass were built and annual branch ,stem ,root and maximum leaf biomass over the landscape were simulated;(4) spatial distribution patterns of leaf biomass and LAI in different periods all the year round were obtained.The simulation was based on spatial analysis module GRID in ArcoInfo software ,The method is laso a kind of scaling method from patch scale to landscape scale ,A case study of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was dissertated ,Aalysis and primary validation were carried out to the simulated LAI and biomass for the major vegetation types in the Changbai Mountain in 1995.     

黑河中游二白杨叶面积指数动态变化及其与耗水量的关系

在黑河中游,利用直接法和热脉冲树干液流仪分别监测了二白杨生长季节的叶面积指数和耗水量动态变化,研究了二白杨叶面积指数动态变化规律及其与耗水量的关系.结果表明:在生长季节,二白杨叶面积指数的增长符合Logistic模型;在树冠结构垂直分布上,1 000~1 400 cm之间二白杨叶面积指数占全树叶面积指数的75.5%;二白杨个体间的叶面积指数与胸径平方和树高乘积呈指数函数关系.当单株叶面积指数从0.44增大到4.94时,二白杨耗水量从42.95 L·d^-1增加到140.30 L·d^-1.单株二白杨耗水量与叶面积指数之间呈现线性关系.     

极端干旱区胡杨水势及影响因子研究

依据2002年4月至2003年9月在极端干旱区额济纳旗的观测资料,对胡杨叶水势的日、季变化规律及影响因子进行了分析研究。试验结果表明:胡杨叶水势日变化均值为(-2.86±0.75)MPa,季变化均值为(-2.72±0.14)MPa。叶水势日、季节变化曲线呈单峰型,这种变化规律是胡杨适应该地区生境的生理特性之一。对胡杨不同部位和不同叶型的叶水势测定结果表明,上部的叶水势比下部低,披针叶的叶水势比阔卵叶的叶水势高,这与水分移动的规律相符合。胡杨叶水势的日、季变化与气温、大气相对湿度、辐射照度间有十分显著的相关关系。与土壤水分间也有十分显著的相关关系,土壤含水量下降,蒸腾加快,叶水势降低,土壤含水量增加,蒸腾减弱,叶水势回升。     

Synergistic effects of water repellency and macropore flow on the hydraulic conductivity of a burned forest soil,south‐east Australia

Research shows that water repellency is a key hydraulic property that results in reduced infiltration rates in burned soils. However, more work is required in order to link the hydrological behaviour of water repellent soils to observed runoff responses at the plot and hillslope scale. This study used 5 M ethanol and water in disc infiltrometers to quantify the role of macropore flow and water repellency on spatial and temporal infiltration patterns in a burned soil at plot (<10 m²) scale in a wet eucalypt forest in south‐east Australia. In the first summer and winter after wildfire, an average of 70% and 60%, respectively, of the plot area was water repellent and did not contribute to infiltration. Macropores (r > 0·5 mm), comprising just 5·5% of the soil volume, contributed to 70% and 95%, respectively, of the field‐saturated and ponded hydraulic conductivity (K_p). Because flow occurred almost entirely via macropores in non‐repellent areas, this meant that less than 2·5% of the soil surface effectively contributed to infiltration. The hydraulic conductivity increased by a factor of up to 2·5 as the hydraulic head increased from 0 to 5 mm. Due to the synergistic effect of macropore flow and water repellency, the coefficient of variation (CV) in K_p was three times higher in the water‐repellent soil (CV = 175%) than under the simulated non‐repellent conditions (CV = 66%). The high spatial variability in K_p would act to reduce the effective infiltration rate during runoff generation at plot scale. Ponding, which tend to increase with increasing scale, activates flow through macropores and would raise the effective infiltration rates at larger scales. Field experiments designed to provide representative measurements of infiltration after fire in these systems must therefore consider both the inherent variability in hydraulic conductivity and the variability in infiltration caused by interactions between surface runoff and hydraulic conductivity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.