Interdecadal variability of the South China Sea monsoon and its relationship with latent heat flux in the Pacific Ocean

We analyzed interdecadal variability of the South China Sea monsoon and its relationship with latent heat flux in the Pacific Ocean, using NCEP wind field and OAFlux heat flux datasets. Results indicate that South China Sea monsoon intensity had an obvious interdecadal variation with a decreasing trend. Variability of the monsoon was significantly correlated with latent heat flux in the Kuroshio area and tropical Pacific Ocean. Variability of latent heat flux in the Kuroshio area had an interdecadal increasing trend, while that in the tropical Pacific Ocean had an interdecadal decreasing trend. Latent heat flux variability in these two sea areas was used to establish a latent heat flux index, which had positive correlation with variability of the South China Sea monsoon. When the latent heat flux was 18 months ahead of the South China Sea monsoon, the correlation coefficient maximized at 0.58 (N=612), with a 99.9% significance level of 0.15. Thus, it is suggested that latent heat flux variability in the two areas contributes greatly to interdecadal variability of the South China Sea monsoon.     

Circulation and Heat Flux along the Western Boundary of the North Pacific

On the basis of the conductivity temperature depth(CTD)observation data off the coast of the Philippines(7.5°–18°N,130°E–the east coast of the Philippines)in the fall of 2005,the water mass distribution,geostrophic flow field,and heat budget are examined.Four water masses are present:the North Pacific Tropical Surface Water,the North Pacific Sub-surface Water,the North Pacific Intermediate Water,and the Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW).The previous three corresponded with the North Equatorial Current(NEC),the Kuroshio Current(KC),and the Mindanao Current(MC),respectively.AAIW is the source of the Mindanao Undercurrent.The mass transport of NEC,KC,and MC is 58.7,15,and 27.95Sv,respectively(relative to 1500db).NEC can be balanced by the transport across the whole transect 18°N(31.81 Sv)and 7.5°N(26.11 Sv)but not simply by KC and MC.Direct calculation is used to study the heat flux.In sum,1.45PW heat is transported outwards the observed region,which is much more than that released from the ocean to the air at the surface(0.05PW).The net heat lost decreased the water temperature by 0.75℃each month on average,and the trend agreed well with the SST change.Vertically,the heat transported by the currents is mainly completed in the upper 500 m.     

Distributions and air-sea fluxes of CO2 in the summer Bering Sea

The 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE–Arctic III) was carried out from July to September in 2008. The partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) in the atmosphere and in surface seawater were determined in the Bering Sea during July 11–27, 2008, and a large number of seawater samples were taken for total alkalinity(TA) and total dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) analysis. The distributions of CO2 parameters in the Bering Sea and their controlling factors were discussed. The pCO2 values in surface seawater presented a drastic variation from 148 to 563 μatm(1 μatm = 1.013 25×10-1 Pa). The lowest pCO2 values were observed near the Bering Sea shelf break while the highest pCO2 existed at the western Bering Strait. The Bering Sea generally acts as a net sink for atmospheric CO2 in summer. The air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Bering Sea shelf, slope, and basin were estimated at-9.4,-16.3, and-5.1 mmol/(m2·d), respectively. The annual uptake of CO2 was about 34 Tg C in the Bering Sea.     

离子迁移谱现场观测渤海和北黄海二甲基硫的研究

渤海、黄海是高产二甲基硫（Dimethyl Sulfide, DMS）的大陆架海区。该海区DMS的现场调查研究有助于准确评估海洋DMS释放量及其对全球气候变化的负反馈作用。目前,无论是基于模型还是直接测量法的通量估算均以表层海水或低层大气DMS浓度为基础,因此,先进的检测技术对其通量估算的准确度具有决定性作用。气相色谱法、质谱法、化学发光法以及卫星遥感技术是现在常用的观测技术,而本文则基于苯辅助光电离离子迁移谱技术进一步提出了一种可在海域现场观测海水中DMS的方法。通过结合动态气提-Nafion管在线除水进样系统,消除环境水汽的干扰;在最优条件下,基于DMS两个产物离子峰,可以实现0.10～120 nmol/L之间DMS的定量分析,检测限低至0.065 nmol/L;然后将所建方法应用于2019年秋季渤海、北黄海海水中DMS的现场观测。结果表明,表层海水中DMS的浓度为0.080～0.96 nmol/L（平均值为（0.44±0.34）nmol/L）,其海气通量为0.12～17.75 μmol/（m²·d）（平均值为（ 3.23±4.02）μmol/（m²·d））;通过结合实验室检测结果、环境因子和浮游植物群落结构讨论了海水样品低温储存条件下DMS的变化和影响因素,结果显示,营养盐成分及浮游植物群落结构是影响储存样品中DMS浓度显著增加的主要因素,进一步表明了现场观测方法的建立对海洋DMS释放量的准确评估具有重要意义。     

磁通量浮现驱动磁场重联的数值研究

应用二维时变可压缩磁流体动力学数值模拟,研究了双极－单极磁场中由于磁通量浮现驱动的磁场重联过程．结果表明,双极场与单极场间磁力线的重联形成上升的冷而密的等离子体团,磁场演变成鞭状结构．向上运动的等离子体团到达其最大高度后将回落和弥散.等离子体团最大上升速度达０．１４ＶＡ,等离子体最大上升速度达０．２７ＶＡ,ＶＡ为下边界处的Ａｌｆｖｅｎ速度．随着磁通量浮现幅度的增大,等离子体上升速度增加,重联过程发展得较快．背景等离子体β１值（β１为等离子体压力与磁压之比）越小,等离子体团中密度增量越大．磁Ｌｕｎｄｑｕｉｓｔ数Ｓ在１０３－１０６之间的改变对等离子体的速度和密度增量影响并不明显．与电阻撕裂模不稳定性引起的自发重联相比,磁通量浮现会更有效地驱动双极－单极场中的磁场重联过程,寻致日冕Ｈα冲浪和Ｘ射线喷流的形成．     

弱地形上内潮生成问题——Ⅱ.粗糙地形情况下水深对内潮能通量的影响

前人在讨论水深对内潮能通量影响的时候得出结论:有限深海洋中海面对内潮的反射使得正压潮向内潮的能量转化相比较无限深海的情况显著降低,对于选定的地形,在无限深海假定下得到的能通量是该地形上内潮能通量的上限。鉴于前人所研究的基本上都是平滑的地形,而实际的海洋地形总是比较粗糙的,本文探讨了粗糙地形上内潮能通量随水深的变化。选取了弦函数地形、随机白噪声地形、弦函数地形叠加在高斯地形之上、随机白噪声地形叠加在高斯地形之上和随机白噪声地形与弦函数地形同时叠加在高斯地形之上5种情况进行了研究,发现对于这5种情况,都存在海洋有限深时的能通量大于无限深假定时的能通量,这说明前人得出的"有限深海洋中海面对内潮的反射使得正压潮向内潮的能量转化相比较无限深海的情况显著降低"的结论对于粗糙地形并不适用。     

海气通量算法在海上蒸发波导诊断中的应用

利用TOGA COARE Bulk Air-Sea Flux Algorithm3.0,建立了基于通量算法的蒸发波导模型(Flux Evaporation duct Model),并进行了环境敏感性分析,而且与Paulus-Jeske模型对比,进行误差敏感性分析,并开展了雷达探测评估的海上试验,较全面的阐述了基于通量算法的蒸发波导模型的性能。     

Post‐orogenic sediment drape in the Northern Pyrenees explained using a box model

The transition to a post‐orogenic state in mountain ranges has been identified by a change from active subsidence to isostatic rebound of the foreland basin. However, the nature of the interplay between isostatic rebound and sediment supply, and their impact on the topographic evolution of a range and foreland basin during this transition, has not been fully investigated. Here, we use a box model to explore the syn‐ to post‐orogenic evolution of foreland basin/thrust wedge systems. Using a set of parameter values that approximate the northern Pyrenees and the neighbouring Aquitaine foreland basin, we evaluate the controls on sediment drape over the frontal parts of the retro‐wedge following cessation of crustal thickening. Conglomerates preserved at approximately 600‐m elevation, which is ~ 300 m above the present mountain front in the northern Pyrenees are ca. 12 Ma, approximately 10 Myrs younger than the last evidence of crustal thickening in the wedge. Using the model, this post‐orogenic sediment drape is explained by the combination of a sustained, high sediment influx from the range into the basin relative to the efflux out of the basin, combined with cessation of the generation of accommodation space through basin subsidence. Post‐orogenic sediment drape is considered a generic process that is likely to be responsible for elevated low‐gradient surfaces and preserved remnants of continental sedimentation draping the outer margins of the northern Pyrenean thrust wedge.     

Controlled decoherence of floating flux qubits

In Born--Markov approximation, this paper calculates the energy relaxation time T₁ and the decoherence time T₂ of a floating flux qubit by solving the set of Bloch--Redfield equations. It shows that there are two main factors influencing the floating flux qubits: coupling capacitor in the circuit and the environment resistor. It also discusses how to improve the quantum coherence time of a qubit. Through shunt connecting/ series connecting inductive elements, an inductive environment resistor is obtained and further the reactance component of the environment resistor is improved,which is beneficial to the enhancement of decoherence time of floating flux qubits.     

河流入海物质通量对海、陆环境变化的响应

入海河流物质通量研究是陆—海相互作用和全球海洋通量联合研究计划的重要命题。我国是最早开展物质通量研究的国家之一。自20世纪90年代以来,国家自然科学基金项目和国家重大基础研究计划项目都开展了有关河流和边缘海物质通量的研究,即将开始的全国海岸带环境调查专项也把主要河流物质入海通量及其海洋环境效应研究作为主要内容之一。根据当前国内外河流物质通量研究的最新进展,较系统地阐述了河流入海物质通量的概念和对邻近大陆和海洋环境变化的响应。并在此基础上强调指出,河流入海物质通量是研究陆—海相互作用及其全球变化效应的重要参量。归纳了河流入海物质通量研究中需要解决的关键问题。