蓝藻基因组研究进展

本文对近年来蓝藻基因组研究进展进行了综述.介绍了聚胞藻PCC6803基因组研究方法和成果,包括最佳分析软件的选择,所获得的基因组基本信息,以及后基因组研究的部分成果.蓝藻基因组间差异很大,文中介绍了其它蓝藻基因组的基本信息和在各个藻种里的重要发现.文章最后探讨了蓝藻基因组的研究意义和前景.     

地质矿产部"八五"期间物探、化探、遥感勘查若干新进展

"八五"期间地矿部系统物探、化探、遥感勘查工作取得了若干新进展。本文根据各省、市、区地勘局及勘查技术院等有关资料,分基础地质、矿产勘查及水工环三部分简述了这些成果的主要方面。在矿产部分,特别列举了自"六五"期间区域化探、区域物探起步以来,15年间找矿成果的对比情况,以供大家参考。     

Stratigraphy and sedimentology of phosphate-rich sediments in Malta and south-eastern Sicily (latest Oligocene to early Late Miocene)

The Maltese archipelago and south‐eastern Sicily include an Uppermost Oligocene to Upper Miocene hemipelagic sedimentary succession representing the Malta‐Hyblean plateau, which limits the eastern Mediterranean to the west. This succession hosts a unique and well‐exposed series of condensed and allochthonous phosphate‐rich beds, which were formed in a sedimentary regime of erosion, sediment reworking and frequent gravity‐flow deposition. The combination of nannofossil biostratigraphy and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope stratigraphy allows for the precise attribution of ages to the phosphate deposits and for the distinction of three periods of major phosphogenesis. The first phase occurred between 24·5 and 21 Ma and 25 and 18·9 Ma (clustering of ages between 25 and 22·5 Ma) on Malta and Sicily, respectively. The second and third phases of phosphogenesis are documented from the Maltese Islands and are dated as 17·2 to 13·1 Ma and 10·9 to 9·8 Ma, respectively. The phosphate‐rich beds are associated with hiatuses and phases of important condensation which, for the oldest phosphogenic period, envelop the time period of 23·2 to 22 Ma for the Fomm Ir Rhi Bay section (Malta) and from 19·1 to 16·3 Ma for the sections of Sampieri and Modica (Sicily). For the second phase of phosphogenesis on the Maltese Islands, a consistent hiatus was found which embraces the time period of approximately 17 to 15 Ma. Also the third phase of phosphogenesis appears to be associated with a major hiatus, which probably envelops the time period between 12·5 and 10·9 Ma, but a better age control is needed here. The correspondence in timing of the Maltese‐Sicilian phases of phosphogenesis with major phases of phosphogenesis outside the Mediterranean realm, to maxima in oceanic phosphorus‐burial rates and maxima in the δ¹³C benthic foraminiferal record suggests that the palaeoceanographic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean was well in phase with that of other ocean basins until at least the early Late Miocene, despite its increasing isolation due to the gradual closure of the Eurasian‐Arabian Strait and progressive sea‐level fall.     

第32届国际地质大会造山带和蛇绿岩研究进展

第32届国际地质大会反映了近年来造山带和蛇绿岩研究的最新成果。太古代与年轻造山带对比研究表明决定造山带几何特征的主要因素是它们与同造山及造山期后的伸展构造体制的响应方式。进一步分析了中新元古代罗得利亚超大陆的形成与裂解机理。分析了晚前寒武纪-古生代造山作用过程及可能模式。造山带形成后其深部表露、抬升和剥蚀过程与气候及环境演变有紧密的关系,是当前及今后地球科学的重要研究领域。蛇绿岩的岩浆成因并不能用一种简单的模式来解释,研究表明蛇绿岩岩浆具多成因。提出了蛇绿岩套的双离散侵位模式、多米诺旋转侵位模式、俯冲快速折返就位模式。对比表明特提斯及环太平洋蛇绿岩的来源、演化及就位特征具明显的多样性。     

城市生活垃圾生态填埋技术研究概况和进展

对城市生活垃圾生态填埋技术的发展概况及研究进展进行了综述,包括生态填埋技术的概念、意义、现状和发展趋势,并提出了目前该领域研究中需重点研究的课题和一些新的思路。     

Timing and style of Late Pleistocene glaciation in the Queer Shan,northern Hengduan Mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Glacial landforms and sediments provide evidence for the existence of two Late Pleistocene major glacial advances in the Queer Shan, northern Hengduan Mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. In the current study, optically stimulated luminescence and electron spin resonance dating results reveal that the two glacial advances occurred during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in MIS 2, respectively. Geomorphic evidence shows that the glacial advance during MIS 3 was more extensive than that in MIS 2. This glacial advance is synchronous with other glaciated areas in the Himalaya and Tibet, but contrasts with global ice volumes that reached their maximum extent during the LGM. Glaciers in the Queer Shan are of the summer accumulation type and are mainly fed by precipitation from the south Asian monsoon. Palaeoclimate proxies show that during MIS 3 the south Asian monsoon strengthened and extended further north into the Tibetan Plateau to supply more precipitation as snow at high altitudes. This in turn led to positive glacier mass balances and caused glaciers to advance. However, during the LGM, despite cooler temperature than in MIS 3, the weakened south Asian monsoon and the associated reduced precipitation were not as favourable for glacier expansion as in MIS 3. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

成都平原区成都粘土的粒度特征及其成因意义

对成都平原区内5个代表性的第四系剖面上的成都粘土进行了系统的粒度分析。结果表明,成都粘土以粉砂颗粒（5～50μm）为主,平均粒径约为7．1—7．3φ（7．4—6．6μm）,缺少粗尾,〉63μm颗粒的含量很少,以细颗粒物质为主,呈双峰分布。其粒度分布及粒度参数特征与北方黄土及甘孜黄土非常相似,而与河流相沉积物有很大差异,表明成都粘土属于风成堆积。根据光释光测年（OSL）结果,成都平原区的成都粘土是晚更新世中期至晚期末次冰期堆积物,其物质主体是远源的。     

直流电法超前探测沙槽模拟实验

直流电法超前探测是研究掘进工作面前方地层电性变化规律,预测掘进面前方含、导水构造的分布和发育情况的一种井下电法探测新技术。本次超前探测实验是通过在沙坑中埋设已知的低阻体,在模拟巷道中布置电极的方式,采用网络并行电法勘测系统将前方已知的物体探测出来。因为资料采集不受外界电流和其他环境的影响,探测结果较为理想,可以较为清楚的反应前方的异常体,验证其电法超前探测的可行性。     

Re-Os同位素示踪与定年研究进展及发展趋势

Re-Os同位素是近年来发展起来的一门新兴的同位素地球化学方法,已广泛应用于金属矿床、壳—幔作用和有机质样品等的示踪和定年。本文综述了近年来对Re-Os同位素的研究成果,总结了Re-Os同位素分析测试技术、地质上的应用、测试样品种类等科学问题上的研究进展。在介绍各种分析方法和应用的优越性及其不足的基础上,提出了今后的发展方向,认为提高Re-Os同位素分析测试水平、拓展测试样品种类、与其它常规的同位素体系结合起来应用是Re-Os同位素体系今后的发展趋势。     

贵州省黔西县龙场煤矿南回风立井地面预注浆工程得失探讨

龙场煤矿南回风井采用立井开拓方式,设计直径φ5.5m,掘深268m。根据井检施工报告,揭露断层破碎带一处,含水层3段,预计涌水量37m^3/h。按照立井施工规范,必须进行预注浆处理。为此,设计共分三个层序,每层序各3孔共9孔（其中最后层序3个孔为检验加强孔）。因业主不同意施工第三层序孔,预注浆处理后井筒涌水量将近10m^3/h,但仍未达到全井少于6m^3/h的目的,以致未达到设计目的,增加了施工难度,延缓了工期。本文就注浆施工从设计到施工进行剖析,指出施工中的得失,对类似工程有指导作用。