中小尺度强对流天气的雷达回波图像生成方法

为生成复杂环境下的优质雷达回波图像,减少目标信息缺失现象与相对成像误差,提出基于中小尺度强对流天气的雷达回波图像生成方法。采用可最大限度保留雷达回波特性的傅里叶插值法,形成空间分辨率均匀的雷达回波三维规则网格数据;基于改进变分贝叶斯理论,实现中小尺度对流天气雷达回波图像超分辨重现,生成雷达回波图像。试验结果表明,该方法处理后的中小尺度强对流天气雷达回波范围与原图相似度高,可最大程度留存雷达回波信息,该方法能够生成清晰的雷达回波图像,且不存在目标信息缺失现象,相对成像误差极小。     

The morphological response of a nearshore double sandbar system to constant wave forcing

Results of 2DH morphodynamic computations are presented to quantify the temporal evolution of the crescentic patterns emerging in a double nearshore bar system in response to constant wave boundary forcing. Sixteen different conditions varying both offshore wave height and angle of wave incidence were applied. The mean length scales of the emerging irregular crescentic patterns are linearly proportional to the local longshore velocity over the inner and outer bars. For similar longshore velocities, the length scales of the outer bar are larger than of the inner bar. This is explained by accounting for the difference in water depth above the bar crest. The variable morphological response times can be explained by including additional bathymetrical parameters. The active volume of the bar, defined by the breaker index, plays an important role in this response time. With larger active volumes the bar responds more rapidly to identical boundary conditions. Also, bars with a smaller total volume respond more quickly. This faster response is due to the steeper active volume of the bars. Different initial perturbations resulted in different locations of the emerging features, showing that their location is sensitive to the initial bathymetry. However, the range in length scales and response times due to the different perturbations was significantly smaller than those obtained for the different hydrodynamic conditions. Based on the present findings we hypothesize that morphological length scales in the field are rarely in equilibrium with the concurrent offshore wave height and angle of incidence owing to the slow response of the sandbars under constant conditions relative to the stochastic nature of natural wave forcing.     

Mechanical and numerical models for sea ice dynamics on small-meso scale

On small-meso scale, the sea ice dynamic characteristics are quite different from that on large scale. To model the sea ice dynamics on small-meso scale, a new elastic-viscous-plastic （EVP） constitutive model and a hybrid Lagrangian- Eulerian （HLE） numerical method are developed based on continuum theory. While a modified discrete element model （DEM） is introduced to model the ice cover at discrete state. With the EVP constitutive model, the numerical simulation for ice ridging in an idealized rectangular basin is carried out and the results are comparable with the analytical solution of jam theory. Adopting the HLE numerical model, the sea ice dynamic process is simulated in a vortex wind field. The furthering application of DEM is discussed in details for modeling the discrete distribution of sea ice. With this study, the mechanical and numerical models for sea ice dynamics can be improved with high precision and computational efficiency.     

新疆两次强震前后地震视应力变化

选取了喀什数字地震台记录的喀什及周边地区地震的宽频带波形资料,分析处理了2001～2005年Ms 3.5以上地震164次,通过数字地震波谱计算了标量地震矩和地震辐射能量,从而进行了视应力的计算.给出了巴楚-伽师Ms 6.8和乌什Ms 6.3强震前后视应力的时序变化情况,发现其视应力均表现出震前低应力阶段-主震前的逐渐上升-震后逐渐恢复的动态变化过程,即地震的孕震-发震-震后调整的阶段性变化特征.这一结果可为喀什及周边地区今后进行地震预测预报研究提供参考依据,对该区开展数字地震方面的研究也有所帮助.     

海洋环境动力学物理模拟的尺度分析及相似条件

物理模拟较大海域的环境动力场是物理模型试验的一个发展方向,也是近海环境治理的有效研究手段。对具有较大尺度海域的模拟需要考虑地转缺失的影响。从潮流基本控制方程出发,通过对方程的无因次化,给出评价柯氏力作用大小的方法,并就中国典型的海湾进行尺度分析,量化物理模拟时因地转缺失引起的偏差程度,讨论在这些海域是否可以付诸物理模型试验。同时,还导出了潮流泥沙试验和潮流污染物扩散试验的相似比尺关系。     

黄河三角洲地区平原水库规模论证

黄河三角洲可垦荒地和滩涂面积大 ,开发条件优越 ,地下石油丰富 ,黄河口流路横贯三角洲 ,是三角洲地区开发建设的宝贵水源。黄河三角洲地区平原水库的建设规模是一项重要的工程规划指标 ,平原水库规模的大小 ,对三角洲地区国民经济和社会发展将具有重大的影响 ,因此必须从来水、需水以及可供水量等多方面考虑 ,综合分析和确定。通过方案计算和比较分析 ,黄河三角洲地区平原水库库容规模为 6641 0× 1 0 4 m3。     

Observations of a Kelvin-Helmholtz Billow in the Ocean

We identified a Kelvin-Helmholtz billow from vertical turbulence velocity and instantaneous heat flux signals obtained from airfoil shear probes and thermistors mounted on a research submarine. The vertical turbulence velocity indicates that the horizontal scale of the billow was about 3.5 m. The spectral slope of the vertical turbulence velocity component is close to −2, revealing the flow is two-dimensional. We show a remarkable agreement between the length scales of the observed billow and those computed from direct numerical simulations based on similar conditions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

大尺度海温异常对热带大气Kelvin波的影响

本文用一个简单的斜压两层模式，在热力学方程中只考虑牛顿冷却和感热加热，从理论上分析了大尺度海温异常时感热加热带大气压Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波的影响。研究发现，牛顿冷却使大气Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波振幅减，并使波速减慢；感热加热可使得Ｋｅｖｉｎ波波速加快；当海气温差超过某一临界值时，波动趋于不稳定。     

Are Type Ia Supernovae Reliable Distance Indicators？

Recent applications of type Ia supernovae(SNe Ia)in cosmology have successfully revealed the accelerating expansion of the universe.However,as distance indicators used in measuring the expansion history of the universe and probing the nature of dark energy,these objects must pass more strict tests.We propose a K-S test to investigate if there exists any systematic bias when deriving the luminosity distances under the standard candle assumption. Two samples,one comprising 71 high-redshift SNe Ia and the other,44 nearby ones,are used in our investigation.We find that it is likely there exists a bias in the adopted samples,which is probably caused by a systematic error,e.g.in the color parameter used in the luminosity calibration and a bias may be caused by the SN evolution or by varying properties of the dust surrounding the SNe Ia.