贵州水城二叠纪钠质粗面玄武岩的地球化学特征及其源区

贵州水城二叠纪玄武岩位于峨眉山大火成岩省东部。该玄武岩全岩SiO₂的含量为44.5%~50.04%,TiO₂的含量为2.38%~2.74%,MgO的含量为5.74%~7.96%, Mg^#值较低为0.40~0.49,Na₂O含量高,为4.81%~7.19%,并且Na₂O/K₂O>4,属于钠质粗面玄武岩即夏威夷岩。具有ΣREE富集的右倾型稀土元素分布模式,稀土和微量元素特征和Pb同位素特征显示洋岛玄武岩OIB的地球化学特征,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.70482~0.70503,ε_Nd(t)和(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_<em>t变化范围较窄:1.3~1.8和17.21~17.62。与贵州威宁黑石头和织金二叠纪玄武岩比较,水城玄武岩富碱,TiO₂含量低,Na₂O、MgO和Al₂O₃含量高,造成峨眉山大火成岩省东部贵州境内三个地方玄武岩不同性质的主要原因是由于地幔源区不同,分离结晶程度和地壳混染程度的不同,水城玄武岩来源于交代富集地幔,是峨眉山地幔柱上升至石榴石稳定区发生部分熔融,地幔柱的部分熔融体和富含挥发分的大陆岩石圈地幔混合,在上升到地表过程中受到轻微的地壳混染所形成。     

深水重要油气储层--琼东南盆地中央峡谷体系

南海北部海域琼东南盆地发育一个大型中央峡谷体系,平面上呈“S”型NE向展布,西起莺歌海盆地中央拗陷带东缘,横穿琼东南盆地中央拗陷带,向东延伸进入西沙海槽。通过2D及3D地震资料的精细解释和钻井资料综合分析,研究揭示该峡谷体系可以划分为4个区段,不同区段不仅具有明显不同的剖面形态,而且具有不同沉积物构成、沉积微相以及不同沉积物源。不同区域峡谷形态及充填分析表明,自西向东,中央峡谷下切深度越来越大,下切层位越来越老。其下切剖面形态发育有“V”、“U”、“W”和复合型。其中“V”型峡谷下切深度最大,冲刷、削截特征最明显。峡谷西段以浊积水道沉积为主,峡谷东段为浊积水道与块体流沉积互层沉积,但在不同区带不同沉积物所占比例有一定差异。浊积水道沉积的物源主要来自于盆地西侧,块体流沉积的物源主要来自于盆地北部陆坡体系,从而,来自于西部浊积水道沉积与来自于北部块体流沉积在中央峡谷内形成了多源多期发育的复杂的峡谷系统。     

Oxygen isotopes from Chinese caves: records not of monsoon rainfall but of circulation regime

Oxygen isotope variations in Chinese stalagmites have been widely interpreted as a record of the amount of East Asian summer monsoonal rainfall. This interpretation infers decreasing monsoonal rainfall from the mid‐Holocene and large, dipolar rainfall oscillations within glaciations. However, the speleothem δ¹⁸O variations conflict with independent palaeoclimate proxies (cave δ¹³C, loess/palaeosol magnetic properties, δ¹³C alkanes), which indicate no systematic decline in rainfall from the mid‐Holocene, and no glacial rainfall maxima. Using mass balance calculations (which incorporate seasonality effects in both δ¹⁸O concentration and amount of precipitation), we demonstrate that the cave δ¹⁸O variations cannot be accounted for by summer rainfall changes, or rainfall seasonality or winter cooling, but instead reflect changes in moisture source. A possible driver of the δ¹⁸O variations in Chinese stalagmites is precessional forcing of inter‐hemispheric temperature gradients, and resultant shifts in the position and intensity of the subtropical pressure cells. Through such forcing, Indian monsoon‐sourced δ¹⁸O may have dominated at times of high boreal summer insolation, and local Pacific‐sourced moisture at low insolation. Suppression of summer monsoonal rainfall during glacial stages may reflect diminished sea and land surface temperatures and the radiative impacts of increased regional dust fluxes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大型帐篷构造对贵州天星桥喀斯特石林形成演化的控制作用

贵州黄果树天星桥景区下三叠统安顺组白云岩广泛出露,分布有连片水上石林,其发育在下三叠世台地相与深海盆地过渡的台地边缘相带上,这里海水进退频繁,古海岸带暴露面上大型帐蓬构造十分发育.碳酸盐岩古暴露带这种岩性特征,一则导致岩石充满裂隙及孔洞,极有利于大气降水入渗及地下水的赋存和运移;另则导致岩体软弱结构面密布,岩石的力学强...     

Stratigraphic records of the dynamic uplift of the Emeishan large igneous province

Abstract

Fluid dynamical and numerical modelling predicts a large-scale regional domal uplift prior to basalt eruptions in large igneous provinces, which can be readily measured when a plume head rises below a shallow marine sedimentary basin. Research on the sedimentology, biostratigraphy, and isotopic chronology of the Emeishan large igneous province demonstrates that the sedimentary environment in the Maokou stage is not uniform carbonate platform facies, but rather sedimentary facies with a north–south linear alignment and west–east different distribution controlled by the syn-depositional normal faulting of the Changhai and Xiaojiang faults, which are the result of underwater dynamic uplift induced by deep mantle activity. The dynamic uplift started in the Maokou stage. Thus, thinning of the Maokou limestone was the product of the difference in the initial depositional thickness caused by the underwater uplift and post-depositional surface uplift and erosion, but post-depositional uplift was much less than kilometre scale. Sedimentary facies differentiation and tectonic–sedimentary evolution in the Maokou stage provide a constraint for the time of the initial eruption and eruption environment before and during the Emeishan basalt eruption. Small-scale magmatic activity might have already begun in the middle of the Maokou stage, whereas submarine and terrestrial sedimentary environments coexisted before and during Emeishan basalt eruption.     

Nd–Sr isotopic constraint to the formation of metatexite and diatexite migmatites,Higo metamorphic terrane,central Kyushu,Japan

ABSTRACT

Metatexite and diatexite migmatites are widely distributed within the upper amphibolite and granulite-facies zones of the Higo low-P/high-T metamorphic terrane. Here we report Nd–Sr isotopic and whole rock composition data from an outcrop in the highest-grade part of the granulite-facies zone, in which diatexite occurs as a 3 m-thick layer between 2 m-thick layers of stromatic-structured metatexite within pelitic gneiss. The metatexite has Nd–Sr isotopes and whole rock compositions similar to those of the gneiss, but the diatexite shows the reverse. The diatexite has a higher ε_Nd(t) and ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio (ε_Nd(t) = ?0.5; ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.1636) than the gneiss (ε_Nd(t) = ?2.1; ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.1287) and metatexite (ε_Nd(t) = ?3.1; ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.1188). The (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_initial and ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr of the diatexite ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_initial = 0.70568; ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr = 0.416) are lower than those of the gneiss ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_initial = 0.70857; ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr = 1.13) and metatexite ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_initial = 0.70792; ⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr = 1.11). The metatexite and gneiss show enrichment of Th and depletion of P and Eu and have a similar chondrite-normalized REE pattern, which shows steep LREE–MREE-enriched and gently declining HREE patterns and negative Eu anomalies, whereas the diatexite shows enrichment of Sr and depletion of Th and Y, and exhibits gently declining LREE and steeply declining HREE pattern and weak Eu depletion. The metatexite migmatite is interpreted to have formed by in situ partial melting in which the melt did not migrate from the source, whereas the diatexite migmatite included an externally derived melt with a juvenile component. The Cretaceous high-temperature metamorphism of the Higo metamorphic terrane is interpreted to reflect emplacement of mantle-derived basalts under a volcanic arc along the eastern margin of the Eurasian continent, and mass transfer and advection of heat via hybrid silicic melts from the lower crust.     

内蒙古磨石山沉积变质型锐钛矿矿床：一个大型新类型钛矿床的发现、勘查和研究

前人把内蒙古正蓝旗磨石山南部的羊蹄子山矿床确定为铁矿床,通过我们近几年的研究和勘查,发现了北部的磨石山新钛矿带,认为这不是一个铁矿,而是一个以锐钛矿为主的大型沉积变质型钛矿床,是钛矿床的一个新类型。矿体产于中元古代(1751Ma)片岩、变质石英(粉)砂岩和斜长角闪岩中,呈似层状、透镜状产出。富矿石具有细纹状构造,表现为以石英和锐钛矿为主的条纹互层。矿石矿物主要为锐钛矿,次有金红石和钛铁矿(赤铁矿),脉石矿物以石英为主,含一定量直闪石和黑云母(石榴子石)。锐钛矿、金红石和钛铁矿的粒度很细,为0.01～0.1mm。富矿含TiO23.14%～15.46%,平均6.91%,而贫矿的TiO2含量为1.2%～2.97%,平均1.76%。矿石含较高的Fe和V。锐钛矿和金红石的微量元素Nb和Cr的含量很低,说明矿物的源区来自变质基性岩。围岩斜长角闪岩恢复其原岩,大致相当于玄武岩、苦杆玄武岩等。岩石化学揭示其生成构造条件,为岛弧或岛弧和洋脊的过渡带。硅同位素组成研究结果,不同锐钛矿矿石、石英岩和片岩等的δ30Si值为0.1‰～-0.9‰,与海底热液喷气沉积矿床的数据相似。所有上述矿床的地质和地球化学特征表明,锐钛矿矿石和斜长角闪岩都是海底基性火山活动的产物,矿石具有化学沉积特征,后来遭到中(偏低)级区域变质作用,金红石主要形成于区域变质作用。矿床在燕山晚期(118Ma),由于花岗岩的侵位,又局部受到热液改造。     

中条裂谷的幔柱构造与成矿

中条山地区的地球物理场具有“三低一高”(低波速、低密度、低黏度及高地热异常)特点,变质核杂岩中赋存有科马堤岩并具“双层”结构,火成岩呈“双峰”状态,变质期的古地温为522～608℃,压力0.3～0.73GPa,地热梯度23℃/km,表明中条山地区为新太古代-元古宙的大陆裂谷—地幔热柱构造.其成矿作用存在着“四代同堂”的成矿模式,成矿期与岩浆侵入期的时差甚小;成矿空间上,大多数矿床沿着裂谷内两组断裂呈X型“对称式”展布,有益元素矿物组合及成矿温度自中心向周围呈有规律降低趋势.由于在新太古代以前,富铜的扬子板块俯冲至华北板块之下,促使中条裂谷的地壳加厚,形成丰富的成矿物质场,因为地幔热柱脉动式隆升,热液在运移过程中不断萃取地壳的铜质,故成为区域内独特的铜矿集中区.     

煤矿瓦斯抽放井一次成井工艺及技术效果

煤矿瓦斯抽放井要求垂直精度高、井径大,通常采用常规钻探工艺时,需进行3-4次扩孔才能达到最终孔径,施工时间较长,钻进效率较低。此次在端氏煤矿施工的大口径瓦斯抽放井,采用了的一次成井钻进技术及工艺方法,钻进口径达到φ660mm,选用了江汉735型和715型系列镶齿牙轮钻头,采用塔式加重钻具控制并保证了钻井的重直度,采用密度较大的化学泥浆和保持大泵量排渣,避免了井底牙轮钻头的重复破碎,确保了钻进效果。与传统的扩孔工艺相比,缩短了施工周期,成井质量高,提高了钻进效率,降低了钻进成本。     

浅析四川汶川索桥滑坡稳定性及治理措施

根据工程地质测绘及勘探成果资料,在对四川汶川县索桥滑坡产生的成因机理和破坏模式进行分析判断的基础上,对两个潜在滑移面在不同的工况下的稳定性进行了分析评价,确定岩土交界面为最危险滑面.在此前提下对边坡发展趋势及激发诱因进行科学预测,认为在暴雨或余震等诱发下边坡极有可能失稳,并有针对性的制定了应急防治与永久根治的综合治理方案.