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991.
Groundwater in coastal areas is commonly disturbed by tidal fluctuations. A two‐dimensional analytical solution is derived to describe the groundwater fluctuation in a leaky confined aquifer system near open tidal water under the assumption that the groundwater head in the confined aquifer fluctuates in response to sea tide whereas that of the overlying unconfined aquifer remains constant. The analytical solution presented here is an extension of the solution by Sun for two‐dimensional groundwater flow in a confined aquifer and the solution by Jiao and Tang for one‐dimensional groundwater flow in a leaky confined aquifer. The analytical solution is compared with a two‐dimensional finite difference solution. On the basis of the analytical solution, the groundwater head distribution in a leaky confined aquifer in response to tidal boundaries is examined and the influence of leakage on groundwater fluctuation is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
992.
分析了单纯用地震波振幅作为报警阈值的缺点,通过数字地震仪与模拟地震仪报警机制的对比,提出用检测周期和振幅相结合的方法来实现地震报警。 相似文献
993.
994.
在太阳活动与地震活动相关研究的基础上指出:在周期性太阳活动的调控下,地震活动也显示出与太阳活动相关的周期性变化。云南22年的地震周期在20世纪形成了4个大震活跃期和4个相对平静期。根据地震活动和太阳活动的若干相关规律,对云南地区在本世纪第1次大震活跃期的到来作了趋势性预测:云南在本世纪第1次大震活跃期的第1个大震(M=7.0左右)将于2012年到来,那时正是太阳活动第24周下降段的开始,离上次大震活跃期的最后一个大震(丽江,M=7.0,1996年)恰好是16年。在该大震活跃期里,还将发生若干个M=7.0左右的大震和一些较小的地震,其大震爆发的时间将遵循Tx=(Tn-Tn-1)1/2(a年)的非线性经验规律发生。 相似文献
995.
A. Glindemann J. Algomedo R. Amestica P. Ballester B. Bauvir E. Bugueño S. Correia F. Delgado F. Delplancke F. Derie Ph. Duhoux E. di Folco A. Gennai B. Gilli P. Giordano Ph. Gitton S. Guisard N. Housen A. Huxley P. Kervella M. Kiekebusch B. Koehler S. Lévêque A. Longinotti S. Ménardi S. Morel F. Paresce T. Phan Duc A. Richichi M. Schöller M. Tarenghi A. Wallander M. Wittkowski R. Wilhelm 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,286(1-2):35-44
The Very Large Telescope (VLT) Observatory on Cerro Paranal (2635 m) in Northern Chile is approaching completion. After the
four 8-m Unit Telescopes (UT) individually saw first light in the last years, two of them were combined for the first time
on October 30, 2001 to form a stellar interferometer, the VLT Interferometer. The combination in pairs of all four UTs was
completed in September 2002. In this article, we will describe the subsystems of the VLTI and the planning for the following
years.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
996.
AMBER is the General User near infrared focal instrument of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer. It is a single mode,
dispersed fringes, three telescope instrument. A limiting magnitude of the order of H=13 will allow tackling of a fair sample
of extra galactic targets. A very high accuracy, in particular in color differential phase and closure phase modes gives good
hope for very high dynamical range observations, possibly including hot extra solar planets. The relatively high maximum spectral
resolution, up to 10000, will allow stellar activity observations. Between these extreme goals, AMBER has a wide range of
applications including Young Stellar Objects, Evolved Stars, circumstellar material and many others.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
997.
998.
In view of the pivotal role that continental water storage plays in the Earth’s water, energy and biogeochemical cycles, the
temporal and spatial variations of water storage for large areas are presently not known with satisfactory accuracy. Estimates
of the seasonal storage change vary between less than 50 mm water equivalent in areas with uniform climatic conditions to
450 mm water equivalent in tropical river basins with a strong seasonality of the climate. Due to the lack of adequate ground-based
measurements of water storage changes, the evapotranspiration rate, which depends on the actual climatic and environmental
conditions, is only an approximation for large areas until now, or it is based on the assumption that storage changes level
out for long time periods. Furthermore, the partitioning of the water storage changes among different storage components is
insufficiently known for large scales. The direct measurement of water storage changes for large areas by satellite-based
gravity field measurements is thus of uttermost importance in the field of hydrology in order to close the water balance at
different scales in space and time, and to validate and improve the predictive capacity of large-scale hydrological models.
Due to the high spatial variability of hydrological processes temporal and spatial resolutions beyond that of GRACE are essential
for a spatial differentiation in evapotranspiration and water storage partitioning. 相似文献
999.
Suryadeep Ray 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2004,25(3-4):103-113
We describe the two-dimensional TreePM method in this paper. The 2d TreePM code is an accurate and efficient technique to
carry out large two-dimensional N-body simulations in cosmology. This hybrid code combines the 2d Barnes and Hut Tree method
and the 2d Particle-Mesh method. We describe the splitting of force between the PM and the Tree parts. We also estimate error
in force for a realistic configuration. Finally, we discuss some tests of the code. 相似文献
1000.
Solute transport through a porous medium is typically modelled assuming the porous medium is rigid. However, many applications exist where the porous medium is deforming, including, municipal landfill liners, mine tailings dams, and land subsidence. In this paper, mass balance laws are used to derive the flow and transport equations for a deforming porous medium. The equations are derived in both spatial and material co‐ordinate systems. Solute transport through an engineered landfill liner is used as an illustrative example to show the differences between the theory for a rigid porous medium, and small and large deformation analysis of a deforming porous medium. It is found that the large deformation model produces shorter solute breakthrough times, followed by the small deformation model, and then the rigid porous medium model. It is also found that it is important to include spatial and temporal void ratio variations in the large deformation analysis. It is shown that a non‐linear large deformation model may greatly reduce the solute breakthrough time, compared to a standard transport analysis typically employed by environmental engineers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献