菏泽市加强“双保工程”建设的几点做法

城乡建设用地增减挂钩试点和指标置换政策是国土资源部统筹城乡发展的一项重大创新举措,该文从菏泽市实际出发,对严格土地用途管制,严格规划计划,严控建设用地规模,严格执行国家产业政策和供地政策,落实好城乡建设用地增减挂钩试点和指标置换政策提出自己的见解。     

赤道印度洋-太平洋地区海气系统的齿轮式耦合和ENSO事件 II.数值模拟

首先应用IAP/LASG GOALS气候模式的多年积分的结果，对赤道中西太平洋和印度洋 的SST和纬向风场进行分析，发现在模式中也同样存在与观测资料分析结果相似的“印太齿 轮式耦合”。基于此，设计了赤道太平洋和印度洋海域纬向风应力异常的4组敏感性试验， 去研究太平洋和印度洋海气相互作用的联系。结果表明，在太平洋或印度洋上的大气异常 信号通过印-太齿轮组合（GIP）作为桥梁（atmospheric bridge），影响到另一地的海气 相互作用，从而将太平洋上的ENSO类年际变率信号与印度洋环流和亚洲季风纬向分量的变 化联系起来。     

Time series analysis of the world's longest fluvial nitrate record: evidence for changing states of catchment saturation

Processes that drive the occurrence of nitrate concentrations in surface waters are known to operate over many decades longer than the available observations. This study considers the world's longest water quality record of nitrate concentrations in the River Thames (1868–2009) in order to understand whether the nature of the time series has changed with time and such external drivers as climate change and land use of hydrology. The study considers the linear trend, the seasonality, the memory and the impulsivity relative to river flow of the time series for moving windows of 6 years in length. The study can show that:

相似文献   

Land acquisition: a means to mitigate water scarcity and reduce conflict?

ABSTRACT

In recent years there has been a surge in land investments, primarily in the African continent, but also in Asia and Latin America. This increase in land investment was driven by the food pricing crisis of 2007–2008. Land investors can be identified from a variety of sectors, with actors ranging from hedge funds to national companies. Many water-scarce countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are among these financiers, and primarily invest in Africa. Recognizing the potential for “outsourcing” their food security (and thereby also partly their water security), Middle Eastern countries such as Jordan, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates have invested in land for food production in Africa. The extent to which this is happening is still unclear, as many contracts are not yet official and the extent of the leases is vague. This paper investigates the land investments and acquisitions by Middle Eastern countries. It also seeks to analyse what effect, if any, these investments can have on the potential for conflict reduction and subsequent peacebuilding in the Middle East region as the activity removes pressure from transboundary water resources.

EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis ASSOCIATE EDITOR K. Aggestam     

MODIS反照率产品在模拟黄河源区陆面过程和降水中的应用

地表反照率是陆面过程中一个重要的物理量, 其变化直接影响地表能量的收支状况, 进而可以影响气温和降水等其它气象要素。本文利用WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) 模式, 通过两组数值模拟试验分别探讨了地表反照率改变在黄河源区不同下垫面情况下潜热、 感热的分配关系, 详细分析了地表反照率改变对降水变化的影响机制, 最后应用EOS/MODIS地表反照率产品替代原模式低时空分辨率的地表反照率。研究结果表明: (1)当地表反照率减少(增加)时, 模拟的区域平均地表温度、感热、潜热数值相应增大(减少)。当地表反照率减少0.1时, 地表温度上升约1.0 K, 感热和潜热量增量比约为3∶1。 (2) 地表反照率改变对降水量变化影响最大的区域是黄河源区下游的草场区域, 其次是黄河源头区域, 最小的是黄河源区北部的稀疏植被区域。地表反照率通过对大气动力、 热力以及水汽条件的影响, 使得降水发生的环境改变, 主要体现在: 当地表反照率减少时, 地表气压的减少使得大气低层的辐合气流增强, 有利于上升运动的发生; 2.0 m气温的升高增强了大气近地层的热力不稳定度; 2.0 m比湿的增加表明近地层空气水汽含量增加。 (3) 与实况对比分析发现, 使用卫星遥感产品后在月尺度上能够更准确地模拟降水量的变化过程。     

Spectroscopy of Loose and Cemented Sulfate-Bearing Soils: Implications for Duricrust on Mars

The goal of this work is to determine the spectroscopic properties of sulfate in martian soil analogs over the wavelength range 0.3 to 25 μm (which is relevant to existing and planned remotely sensed data sets for Mars). Sulfate is an abundant component of martian soil (up to 9% SO₃ by weight) and apparently exists as a particulate in the soil but also as a cement. Although previous studies have addressed the spectroscopic identity of sulfates on Mars, none have used laboratory mixtures of materials with sulfates at the abundances measured by landed spacecraft, nor have any works considered the effect of salt-cementation on spectral properties of soil materials. For this work we created mixtures of a palagonitic soil (JSC Mars-1) and sulfates (MgSO₄ and CaSO₄·2H₂O). The effects of cementation were determined and separated from the effects of packing and hydration by measuring the samples as loose powders, packed powders, cemented materials, and disaggregated materials. The results show that the presence of particulate sulfate is best observed in the 4-5 μm region. Soils cemented with sulfate exhibit a pronounced restrahlen band between 8 and 9 μm as well as well-defined absorptions in the 4-5 μm region. Cementation effects are distinct from packing effects and disaggregation of cemented samples rapidly diminishes the strength of the restrahlen bands. The results of this study show that sulfate in loose materials is more detectable in the near infrared (4-5 μm) than in the thermal infrared (8-9 μm). However, cemented materials are easily distinguished from loose mixtures in the thermal infrared because of the high values of their absorption coefficient in this region. Together these results suggest that both wavelength regions are important for determining the spatial extent and physical form of sulfates on the surface of Mars.     

渤海湾周缘高温地热异常特征及深部热结构分析

渤海湾周缘高温地热异常区是华北重要的地热资源区,研究其浅层高温地热异常及深层高温地热结构,是解决中国东部高温地热勘查开发瓶颈的重要基础,对加快构建东部现代能源体系、推进“双碳”目标进程具有重要的科学意义。利用最新的中国大陆岩石圈速度模型USTClitho2.0和航磁资料,在大地热流资料约束下,本文计算了渤海湾周缘浅层与深层高温热结构,结果表明:该区居里面平均深度20.8km,居里温度420℃,中、上地壳高温热结构与居里面起伏形态密切相关。上地壳生热率随深度增大而递减,反映了放射性生热元素向上迁移、在浅层富集的垂向分异特征。Moho面温度在600～800℃之间,岩石圈底界面1300℃等温面深度在66.3～97.5 km之间,平均值为76.8 km。依据USTClitho2.0模型Vp、Vs速度结构,本文修正了前人的地壳分层结构及上地壳生热率,计算了研究区内全部91个大地热流点的壳幔热流比,结果表明:Qc/Q=56.4%、Qm/Q=43.6%, Qc/Q>Qm/Q,显示该区为“热壳”结构。前人认为此区是“冷壳热幔”型热结构,本文的计算结果修正了前人的认识,指出上地壳层热流在地表总热流...     

SPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED WATER SURFACE TEMPERATURE MODELING FOR THE GREAT LAKES

1　INTRODUCTIONA Growing concern over the potential effects of a possible change in the future climatecontinues to motivate research into cycles,variability,and trends in the temperatures of theGreat L akes.These temperatures have a major influence on the water balance of the GreatL akes watershed through evaporation and the forcing of atmospheric effects.Before a futuretemperature structure and cycle can be estimated,the present water temperature climatologymust be sucessfully simulated…     

Sensitivity of streamflow from a Himalayan catchment to plausible changes in land cover and climate

Global climate change will likely increase temperature and variation in precipitation in the Himalayas, modifying both supply of and demand for water. This study assesses combined impacts of land‐cover and climate changes on hydrological processes and a rainfall‐to‐streamflow buffer indicator of watershed function using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in Kejie watershed in the eastern Himalayas. The Hadley Centre Coupled Model Version 3 (HadCM3) was used for two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios (A2 and B2), for 2010–2099. Four land‐cover change scenarios increase forest, grassland, crops, or urban land use, respectively, reducing degraded land. The SWAT model predicted that downstream water resources will decrease in the short term but increase in the long term. Afforestation and expansion in cropland will probably increase actual evapotranspiration (ET) and reduce annual streamflow but will also, through increased infiltration, reduce the overland flow component of streamflow and increase groundwater release. An expansion in grassland will decrease actual ET, increase annual streamflow and groundwater release, while decreasing overland flow. Urbanization will result in increases in streamflow and overland flow and reductions in groundwater release and actual ET. Land‐cover change dominated over effects on streamflow of climate change in the short and middle terms. The predicted changes in buffer indicator for land‐use plus climate‐change scenarios reach up to 50% of the current (and future) range of inter‐annual variability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长江口岸带冲淤及后备土地资源的沉降效应——以上海崇明东滩为例

长江口入海泥沙的淤积是上海后备土地资源的重要来源，分析岸带冲淤的演变．有助于对岸带经济圈特别是围垦促淤地区因经济工程活动引发的地面沉降问题的剖析。本文以上海崇明东滩为例，分析30年来的冲淤变化及未来趋势，并据此对新近沉积土的地面沉降效应作简要阐述。