非饱和土中镉离子传输模型参数反演

使用自行设计的的真空实验装置,采用一维实验室土柱实验方法在不同实验条件下进行了15组实验,并基于实验所得的穿透曲线,使用梯度正则化方法反演得到了镉离子在8种葡萄牙土样和1种比利时土样中相应的传输模型参数。同时通过数值模拟实验验证了梯度正则化方法的有效性和可靠性,进而证明所得结果是有效的。     

超轻型井点降水新技术的研究与应用

分析了轻型井点降水设备的现状与不足，提出了超轻型井点降水新技术，即对现有轻型井点降水设备进一步轻化。介绍了轻化改进的措施，并通过工程检验，取得了良好效果。     

SPS-600型水井钻机研制及配套要点

介绍了SPS-600型散装水井钻机的主要技术参数，并对各主要参数进行了详细说明，同时介绍了研制过程中的配套要点。该钻机在实际施工中应用效果良好。     

岩土钻掘设备的液压步履机构

因液压步履移位最方便，辅助时间短，换向灵活，移位对孔准确，大型岩土钻掘设备施工的群孔现场实现近距离的自行迁移多采用液压步履机构。详细叙述了双向移动和单向移动加转向步履机构的结构和特点。     

Influence of a coarse interlayer on seawater intrusion and contaminant migration in coastal aquifers

Vertical 2D slice laboratory experiments were carried out in homogenous and layered sand tanks to elucidate the effects of a highly permeable (coarse‐grained sand) interlayer on seawater intrusion and transport of contaminants to a coastal sea. Tidal fluctuations produced oscillations in the seawater–freshwater transition zone, fluctuations of the contaminant infiltration rate and a zigzag contaminant plume outline. The seawater wedge became discontinuous at the (vertical) edges of the interlayer because of increased lateral movement of the seawater–freshwater interface within the interlayer. The contaminant plume formed a tail within the interlayer depending on the tidal stage, and similar to the wedge, its movement was accentuated. A simple analytical model that neglected vertical flow reliably predicted steady‐state seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer. Numerical modeling was used to gain insight into the groundwater hydrodynamics and contaminant migration. The numerical results confirmed the experimental findings, i.e. that a highly permeable interlayer can provide a rapid transit path for contaminants to reach the seaward boundary and that the interlayer amplifies the effects of tidal fluctuations, resulting in wider transition zones for the seawater wedge and contaminant plume. Numerical simulations further showed that, with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity, the maximum seawater intrusion distance inside the interlayer increases approximately linearly. For the fixed‐head contaminant injection condition used, the model showed that contaminant infiltration increases approximately logarithmically with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity (other factors held fixed). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈高校测绘实验室信息化管理平台的构建

就高校测绘实验室信息化管理平台的构建进行浅析与探讨,主要针对测绘实验室所承担的工作内容,并结合实际问题进行阐述。从实验室管理员的角度,结合教师、学生、企业三方面考虑,构建高校测绘实验室信息化管理平台不仅可以提高实验教学质量,而且还能实现实验室资源的优化配置。     

浅谈现代测绘技术装备在国土资源管理中的应用

进入新世纪以来,随着计算机技术、信息技术等新技术的发展,测绘技术装备也得到迅速发展,现代测绘技术装备在自动化、高效化方面的能力越来越突出,获取的数据类型也更加多样化。利用现代测绘技术装备服务于国土资源管理已经是大势所趋。本文结合现代测绘技术装备在国土资源管理中的应用范例,给出了相应建议,旨在提高现代测绘技术装备的应用能力,为国土资源管理提供全方位的服务。     

气象观测设备运行状态综合判定技术应用

从气象观测设备运行保障角度出发,基于各观测设备自身运行状态检测信息,结合气象观测数据、气象观测元数据信息以及各级气象观测技术保障业务人员人工填报业务数据,研制了我国气象观测设备运行状态综合判定技术;同时制订了各气象观测设备运行状态分类标准和显示标准,将设备运行状态分为正常、报警、故障和非观测4类状态,分别用绿色、橙色、蓝色和灰色标识.气象观测设备运行状态综合判定技术在一定程度上促进了我国气象观测装备技术保障工作的规范化、标准化开展.该技术贴合气象装备技术保障业务实际需求,设备运行状态判定真实率达100％,结果经实践证明科学合理有效,基于该方法开展的设备运行监控保障工作提高了观测系统稳定可靠的运行能力.     

Laboratory Simulation of the Formation Process of Surface Geochemical Anomalies Applied to Hydrocarbon Exploration

The formation mechanisms and processes of geochemical anomalies used as proxies in surface geochemistry exploration (SGE) have not been well understood. Previous studies cannot realize 3D measurement of microseeping hydrocarbons from reservoirs to the surface, which made it difficult to understand the features and pathways of deep hydrocarbon microseepages. Understanding the processes of hydrocarbon microseepages will contribute to the acceptance and effectiveness of surface geochemistry. Based on a simplified geological model of hydrocarbon microseepages, including hydrocarbon reservoir, direct caprock, overlying strata and Quaternary sediments, this work established a 3D experimental system to simulate the mechanisms and processes of deep hydrocarbon microseepes extending to the surface. The dispersive halos of microseeping hydrocarbons in the subsurface were adequately described by using this 3D experimental system. Results indicate that different migration patterns of hydrocarbons above the point gas source within the simulated caprock and overlying strata can be reflected by the ratio of i-butane to n-butane (i-C4/n-C4), which follow diffusion and infiltration (buoyancy) mechanisms. This is not the case for vertical measurement lines far from the point gas source. A vertical gas flow in the form of a plume was found during hydrocarbon microseepage. For sampling methods, the high-density grid sampling is favorable for delineating prospecting targets. Hydrocarbon infiltration or buoyancy flow occurs in the zones of infiltration clusters, coupling with a diffusion mechanism at the top of the water table and forming surface geochemical anomalies. These results are significant in understanding hydrocarbon microseepage and interpreting SGE data.