人工回灌对地下水水质影响的室内模拟实验

人工回灌过程中的水岩相互作用机制较为复杂,目前有关评价人工回灌过程对地下水化学场影响范围和影响程度的研究还十分缺乏。以上海市某人工回灌试验场为例,采用室内模拟实验手段,对人工回灌过程中地下水主要溶质组分的变化趋势及其相关水岩反应进行分析。实验结果表明:回灌过程中,地下水的主要离子成分主要受混合作用、阳离子交换吸附作用及含水层矿物相(方解石、白云石、钾长石)溶解作用的影响;受回灌过程中地下厌氧环境向好氧环境发展的影响,含水介质中的As、Cr、Fe等元素存在溶出趋势,回灌后As-Fe元素的变化量表现出较好的相关性;随着回灌时间的增加,地下水水质的影响范围逐渐扩大,其水化学类型由初始的Cl-HCO3-Na型逐步向Cl-HCO3-Na-Ca型转变。     

一种浅水摄影测量水下相机的防护装置

本文为摄影机和目标物均在水中的水下摄影测量设计了一种适用于浅水的水下摄影测量相机防护装置,并详细介绍了该装置的结构组成、安装和卸载步骤以及该装置的特点和使用注意事项,最后用本文研制的相机水下防护装置对一小天线进行水下试验,实验结果与空气中测量的结果高度一致.     

基于WebGIS的公路隧道群机电设备管理系统研究

随着隧道工程的迅猛发展,逐渐形成了以隧道群为特点的城市公路隧道体系,对隧道群机电设备的管理与维护提出了更高的要求。在分析公路隧道群机电设备维护特点及WebGIS开发模式的基础上,研究了一种基于WebGIS的公路隧道群机电设备智能化管理系统,实现了隧道群机电设备的分布式维护和集中式管理模式,有利于隧道群运行的安全性、可靠性、经济性及资源利用效率的提高。     

DLT方法在遥感相机几何定标中的应用

为建立适用于遥感相机定标的实验室,需要有几何标定的算法和软件对摄影图像进行计算.使用近景摄影测量中基于3维控制场的定标方法,对单CCD四波段遥感相机进行了几何定标,研究并自主编程实现了直接线性变换DLT(Direct Linear Transformation)算法,与基于空间后方交会算法的定标结果进行了精度对比.结论...     

辽宁省强震动台网运行与管理

本文介绍了台网的运行维护与管理情况,以及海城、伊通4．3级地震强震记录的获取情况,指出了台网现行维护方式的不足,并提出了相应的改进措施。     

Impact of subsurface rock fragments on runoff and interrill soil loss from cultivated soils

Field and laboratory studies have indicated that rock fragments in the topsoil may have a large impact on soil properties, soil quality, hydraulic, hydrological and erosion processes. In most studies, the rock fragments investigated still remain visible at the soil surface and only properties of these visible rock fragments are used for predicting runoff and soil loss. However, there are indications that rock fragments completely incorporated in the topsoil could also significantly influence the percolation and water distribution in stony soils and therefore, also infiltration, runoff and soil loss rates. Therefore, in this study interrill laboratory experiments with simulated rainfall for 60 min were conducted to assess the influence of subsurface rock fragments incorporated in a disturbed silt loam soil at different depths below the soil surface (i.e. 0.001, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 m), on infiltration, surface runoff and interrill erosion processes for small and large rock fragment sizes (i.e. mean diameter 0.04 and 0.20 m, respectively). Although only small differences in infiltration rate and runoff volume are observed between the soil without rock fragments (control) and the one with subsurface rock fragments, considerable differences in total interrill soil loss are observed between the control treatment and both contrasting rock fragments sizes. This is explained by a rapid increase in soil moisture in the areas above the rock fragments and therefore a decrease in topsoil cohesion compared with the control soil profile. The observed differences in runoff volume and interrill soil loss between the control plots and those with subsurface rock fragments is largest after a cumulative rainfall (P_cum) of 11 mm and progressively decreases with increasing P_cum. The results highlight the impacts and complexity of subsurface rock fragments on the production of runoff volume and soil loss and requires their inclusion in process‐based runoff and erosion models. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geometric characteristics and evolution of a tidal channel network in experimental setting

This paper reports on a laboratory study that aims to reproduce a tidal channel network, in order to enhance the understanding of the morphodynamic evolution of the channel characteristics as the network expands and finally reaches equilibrium. A high‐resolution laser system scanned the bed topography at different time steps creating multiple digital elevation models of the channel network. Two hundred and seventy individual channel segments are analyzed and cross‐correlated in terms of their width, depth and length. The laboratory results show positive linear correlations between depth and width as well as between length and width of channel segments of the network configuration at final equilibrium. In a downstream direction, channels appear to widen more than they deepen, indirectly a sign that discharge has a stronger control on channel width than on depth. In contrast to fluvial drainage networks that commonly display fractal and scale‐invariant behavior, the geometric properties of the experimental tidal creek network shows scale dependence. Channel attributes exhibit consistent patterns of exponentially decreasing abundance, with increasing creek length, depth and width. The nature of the observed exponential distributions within creek attributes (width, depth, length) allows for statistical predictability of relative creek attribute dimensions downstream and through time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应用于非开挖中减小扭矩的二糖有机物的室内研究

非开挖工程常会遇到的淤泥质高粘土土层,施工中往往需要较大的剪切力才可以破坏土体,因此常常会导致钻杆扭矩过大,导向和扩孔难以进行,造成施工困难,延误工期等后果。针对此类地层,通过室内试验研究和对分子结构的作用机理的分析,介绍了一种应用到钻井液中能有效地解决该类地层中的高扭矩问题的常见二糖有机物,并在实际工程中得到有效应用。     

中亚热带植物排放甲烷研究初报

甲烷(CH4)是大气中第二大温室气体,近年有研究发现在有氧条件下陆生植物也能排放CH4.本研究对中亚热带51种树木离体叶片在有氧环境下进行室内培养,发现21种植物能排放CH4,CH4排放速率范围为0.11～1.37 ngCH4.g-1 DW.h-1,平均排放速率为0.59ngCH4.g-1DW.h-1.植物是否排放CH4及其排放速率与观测条件密切相关.观测的51种植物中包括40种乔木树种和11种灌木树种,分别有15种和6种植物可排放CH4,CH4平均排放速率分别为0.69 CH4.g-1DW.h-1和0.30 ngCH4.g-1DW.h-1,且乔木和灌木之间存在极显著差异(P<0.05).     

加强实验室管理以促进实验室建设的思考

以湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地为例,介绍了实验室平台、人才队伍、及管理现状．从团队创新、实验室文化、知识管理等方面入手,探讨了加强实验室管理促进实验室建设的思路和方法．