麻山群孔兹岩系柱晶石特征及成因研究

文中所涉及的柱晶石产于我国黑龙江省东部麻山群变质沉积岩系中。作者对矿物的形态、物性、化学成分、结构特征及岩石矿物共生组合进行了系统研究,并与国外同类矿物的资料进行了对比。结合对麻山群变质地质的详细研究,本文还对柱晶石的成因及地质意义进行了探讨。     

陕北南泥湾油田测井方法技术及发展方向

本文着重介绍了陕北南泥湾油田特低渗高阻含油层的测井系列选择及测井解释原则,并利用测井曲线估算储集层参数孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度,选择最佳压裂油段,取得了显著的地质效果。文中最后指出陕北石油测井今后应解决的地质问题和测井发展方向——数字测井技术。     

湖南省金和有色金属矿床成矿系列初论

湖南省内生金属矿产资源颇为丰富。钨、锡、铅、锌、锑为省内优势矿种；稀土、稀有、金、银、铜、汞也占有十分重要的地位。按照成矿过程中的主导地质作用，省内金和有色金属矿床可以划分为五个矿订成矿系列。本文对各矿床成矿系列的形成地质背景、产出构造条件、赋矿围岩、矿床类型进行了总结；并对其时空展布规律进行了讨论。     

白玉县炯隆寺-阿吉森多岩体成因分析

本文以同源岩浆演化序列的观点,探讨了炯隆寺-阿吉森多岩体的成因。研究结果表明,该岩体为印支晚期形成的同熔型花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩,属于岛弧深成侵入的岩浆岩。     

苯并噻吩系列化合物的成因模拟及其地球化学意义

在硫和β胡萝卜素反应产物中有丰富的苯并噻吩系列化合物,在硫与饱和链状化合物反应产物中既有噻吩系列化合物也有苯并噻吩系列化合物。所以推断苯并噻吩系列是硫作用于噻吩系列或含侧链的苯而形成的。噻吩系列和苯并噻吩系列的相对含量可以指示成熟度:在沉积条件相同的前提下,前者多后者少指示成熟度低,反之则指示成熟度高。     

华北地块北缘AuAgCuPbZn成矿规律

根据研究区成矿地质背景,分析了地层、构造、岩浆岩等因素对华北地块北缘Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn成矿的控制作用,总结了矿床的时、空分布,共生组合特点,提出了成矿规律.     

Lessons learnt from checking the quality of openly accessible river flow data worldwide

ABSTRACT

Advances in open data science serve large-scale model developments and, subsequently, hydroclimate services. Local river flow observations are key in hydrology but data sharing remains limited due to unclear quality, or to political, economic or infrastructure reasons. This paper provides methods for quality checking openly accessible river-flow time series. Availability, outliers, homogeneity and trends were assessed in 21 586 time series from 13 data providers worldwide. We found a decrease in data availability since the 1980s, scarce open information in southern Asia, the Middle East and North and Central Africa, and significant river-flow trends in Africa, Australia, southwest Europe and Southeast Asia. We distinguish numerical outliers from high-flow peaks, and integrate all investigated quality characteristics in a composite indicator. We stress the need to maintain existing gauging networks, and highlight opportunities in extending existing global databases, understanding drivers for trends and inhomogeneity, and in innovative acquisition methods in data-scarce regions.     

A two-stage time series model for monthly hydrological projections under climate change in the Lim River basin (southeast Europe)

ABSTRACT

Climate change projections of precipitation and temperature suggest that Serbia could be one of the most affected regions in southeastern Europe. To prepare adaptation measures, the impact of climate changes on water resources needs to be assessed. Pilot research is carried out for the Lim River basin, in southeastern Europe, to predict monthly flows under different climate scenarios. For estimation of future water availability, an alternative approach of developing a deterministic-stochastic time series model is chosen. The proposed two-stage time series model consists of several components: trend, long-term periodicity, seasonality and the stochastic component. The latter is based on a transfer function model with two input variables, precipitation and temperature, as climatic drivers. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency for the observed period 1950–2012 is 0.829. The model is applied for the long-term hydrological prediction under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) emissions scenarios for the future time frame 2013–2070.     

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system coupled with shuffled frog leaping algorithm for predicting river streamflow time series

ABSTRACT

Accurate runoff forecasting plays a key role in catchment water management and water resources system planning. To improve the prediction accuracy, one needs to strive to develop a reliable and accurate forecasting model for streamflow. In this study, the novel combination of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model with the shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA) is proposed. Historical streamflow data of two different rivers were collected to examine the performance of the proposed model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed ANFIS-SFLA model, six different scenarios for the model input–output architecture were investigated. The results show that the proposed ANFIS-SFLA model (R² = 0.88; NS = 0.88; RMSE = 142.30 (m³/s); MAE = 88.94 (m³/s); MAPE = 35.19%) significantly improved the forecasting accuracy and outperformed the classic ANFIS model (R² = 0.83; NS = 0.83; RMSE = 167.81; MAE = 115.83 (m³/s); MAPE = 45.97%). The proposed model could be generalized and applied in different rivers worldwide.     

Comparative hydrogeology – reference analysis of groundwater dynamics from neighbouring observation wells

ABSTRACT

Groundwater level fluctuations are caused by spatial and temporal superposition of processes within and outside the aquifer system. Most of the subsurface processes are usually observed on a small scale. Upscaling to the regional scale, as required for future climate change scenarios, is difficult due to data scarcity and increasing complexity. In contrast to the limited availability of system characteristics, high-resolution data records of groundwater hydrographs are more generally available. Exploiting the information contained in these records should thus be a priority for analysis of the chronical lack of data describing groundwater system characteristics. This study analyses the applicability of 63 indices derived from daily hydrographs to quantify different dynamics of groundwater levels in unconfined gravel aquifers from three groundwater regions (Bavaria, Germany). Based on the results of two different skill tests, the study aids index selection for different dynamic components of groundwater hydrographs.