First macroseismic map with geological background (composed by L.H. Jeitteles)

The little-known work by Ludwig Heinrich Jeitteles (1830–1883) on the 1858 Žilina strong earthquake in the Carpathian Mountains is commemorated and analysed. Besides his detailed macroseismic analysis of the earthquake — including the construction of isoseismal lines according to local macroseismic reports — Jeitteles was the first to superimpose the macroseismic field over a generalized geological map, which enabled him to describe the earthquake effects in relation to the geological structure of the affected region. These achievements allow us to acknowledge L.H. Jeitteles as one of founding fathers of seismological research of midnineteen century.     

盐源-宁蒗地震共轭破裂及极限主应力随地壳深度变化

许多震例表明,地震可以形成于共轭破裂。地震震源处,其温度和压力与地壳浅处及地表不同,温、压越高,共轭破裂角越大,随着深度的变浅(温、压减小),地震共轭破裂角减小;高烈度等震线共轭角也减小。用数学力学方法和岩石力学实验结果,探讨了1976年盐源-宁蒗6.7和6.4级地震共轭破裂及极限主应力随地壳深度变化。     

Integrating RS technology into a GIS-based earthquake prevention and disaster reduction system for earthquake damage evaluation

This paper presents a method to integrate remote sensing (RS) data processing, generation of isoseismal lines and human-computer interaction modules into an improved GIS-based disaster reduction system. Using the RS data processing module, a statistical sample gray value and the RS-intensity at each field survey point in the region are calculated from the probabilistic relationship between the RS-variable and earthquake intensity, and stored in the G1S-based system database. Then, isoseismal lines are generated by a trend surface model from RS-intensity. They are further improved via modification of the isoseismal lines based on the empirical attenuation relationship calculated by using the RS-variable n the human-computer interaction module. The field survey shows that the proposed method gives a good generation of isoseismic lines. As a result, the accuracy of the damage and loss evaluation and the efficiency of the emergency decision making capability are improved.     

地震共轭破裂及极限主应力随地壳深度的变化——以1975年海城7.3级地震为例

许多震例表明，地震可以形成共轭破裂，地震震源处，其温度和压力与地壳浅处及地表不同，温，压越高，共轭破裂角越大。随着深度的变浅（温，压减小），地震共轭破裂角减小，地震烈度共轭角也减小，本文用数学力学方法和岩石力学实验结果，探讨了海城地震共轭破裂及极限主应力随地壳深度的变化。     

1812年尼勒克地震的宏观震中位置研究

微观震中是震源在地表的投影,宏观震中是极震区的几何中心,不同的定义造成位置的差异,大地震的差异比较大,断裂产状也是导致震中位置差异的主要影响因素。据历史记载确定的1812年地震的宏观震中,侧重人居环境,震中位置偏西,初步考察受条件限制也存在一定误差。近年的研究取得了新进展,在尼勒克谷地东部新发现了该地震造成的地质灾害,包括了40 km的形变带,19km的地震断层。根据修正的等震线图,极震区的几何中心在北纬43°45,′东经83°34′。     

集集地震等震线和PGA、PGV等值线关系的研究

本文通过比较集集地震的等震线、加速度和速度等值线的相似度,发现加速度等值线和烈度等震线有更好的相似性,后通过数学分析也得到了相同的结果。由于集集地震中受损的大部分是短周期脆性结构,本文的研究结果可以说明:和峰值速度相比,地震动峰值加速度能够更好地体现地震动对脆性结构的破坏势。峰值速度也和震害有一定的相关性,但对于脆性结构它所体现的破坏能力不如峰值加速度。     

上海及邻近地区区域应力场和地震破裂方式的探讨

本文从震源机制、地应力测量、地震等震线长轴统计,形变场、构造分析等几方面求得本区区域应力场在北纬30°以北为81°,30°以南为133°。空间分布上主压应力轴大致与海岸轮廓线垂直,反映力源主要来自太平洋板块对中国大陆的挤压。在这样的应力场背景下,本区北东向断裂将作右旋正走滑活动;北西向,特别是北北西向新断裂将作左旋逆走滑活动;北东东至近东西向断层将作张性倾滑活动。由于本区地震大多座落在不同方向断裂的交汇复合部位,地震的孕育、发生、发展与两断裂的共轭活动关系密切,但具体到某一次地震的破裂方式则以单侧破裂与双侧破裂居多。     

Estimation of seismic hazard with allowance for noncircular isoseismals of arbitrary orientation

A new mathematical model describing the field of macroseismic intensity has been elaborated. It is based on elliptic isoseismals. The orientation of the main axes of elliptic isoseismals depends on the direction of stretching of the main geological structures on the investigated territory.The new model of a macroseismic field was applied to the territory of Eastern Uzbekistan. Some results of macroseismic investigations of the effect of large regional earthquakes were used as initial data.A noncircular model of a macroseismic field was introduced into the integral of the seismic shakability of Riznichenko and, according to the model, a macroseismic shakability map for the territory of Eastern Uzbekistan was computed in isolines of the long-term mean return period of vibrations for the intensity I 8.Paper presented at the 21st General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission, Sofia, 1988.     

The Beni-Ourtilane-Tachaouaft fault and Seismotectonic aspects of the Babors region (NE of Algeria)

A shallow moderate (M _s=5.7) but damaging earthquake shook theregion of Beni-Ourtilane located about 50 km NW of Setif and 390 kmNE of Algiers (Central Eastern Algeria). The main shock caused the deathof 2 peoples, injured 50 and caused sustainable damage to about 3000housing units. The main shock was preceded by 2 foreshocks and followedby many aftershocks which lasted for many days. Analysis of historicalseismicity including the localisation of epicenters, the trend of isoseismalmaps of some historical events, the localisation of the November 10, 2000main shock (M _s=5.7) and the November 16, 2000 aftershock(M _s=4.5) as well as the shape of the area of maximum intensity ofthe November 10, 2000 earthquake suggest that the Tachaouaft fault of20 km of length is the activated geological structure. Although, there isno clear surface breaks associated with this earthquake, the localisation ofgeological disorders, such as ground fissures, during the Beni-Ourtilaneearthquake, which are remarkably located near the fault, may have atectonic meaning. Geomorphological analysis through Digital ElevationModels (DEMs) allowed us to identify a clear fault scarp related likely tostrong earthquakes occurred in the past. Among geomorphologicalevidences of this active fault there are the uplift and tilt of alluvial terraceson the hanging wall and the diversion of the drainage pattern. Based onthe quality of constructions and field observations an intensity I ₀ = VII (MSK scale) is attributed to the epicentral area,which is striking NE-SW in agreement with the focal mechanism solutionand the seismotectonic observations. In the other hand the amount ofdamage is due rather to the bad quality of constructions than to theseverity of ground motion. The Tachaouaft fault with the Kherrata fault isthe main source of seismic hazard in the Babors region.     

Re-appraisal of seismicity and seismotectonics in the north-eastern Algeria Part I: Review of historical seismicity

As large destructive seismic events are not frequent in Algeria, anexhaustive knowledge of the historical seismicity is required to have arealistic view of seismic hazard in this part of the world. This research workpresents a critical reappraisal of seismicity in the north-eastern Algeria forseismotectonic and seismic hazard purposes. This part of work focuses onthe seismicity of pre-1900 period for the area under consideration[33^°N-38^°N, 4^°E-9.5^°E]. By going back tothe available documentary sources and evaluating and analysing the eventsin geographical, cultural and historical context, it has been possible toidentify 111 events, from 1850–1899, which are not reported in therecent Algerian catalogue. Several spurious events, reported in standardlistings, have been deleted and nine unknown events have been discovered.It is quite clear that macroseismic information derived from press reportsand published documents in Algeria, under certain conditions, is veryincomplete, even for destructive earthquakes, located in the countrysideaway from communication centres. One of the reasons for this iscensorship, noticeable during the colonisation period. Critical analysis ofnewly collected information has allowed the determination and/or theimprovement of the macroseismic parameters of each event, such aslocation, maximum epicentral intensity and magnitude to produce anearthquake catalogue as homogeneous and complete as the available data,for the zone under study. The criteria used in this research are explainedand eight historical earthquakes have been the subject of retrospectivemacroseismic field construction.The investigation of historical earthquakes is one of the most important taskin studying seismotectonic for seismic hazard evaluation purposes.