On facies belts and facies mosaics: Holocene isolated platforms,South China Sea

Although the general criteria for recognition and environmental interpretation of different carbonate facies are well‐established, a predictive understanding of the areal extent and spatial patterning of facies bodies and why they might organize into facies belts or facies mosaics is poorly constrained. To explore patterns and process dynamics of facies on isolated carbonate platforms, quantitative analysis of thematic maps derived from remote sensing images of 27 Holocene atolls of the Paracel and Spratly chains in the South China Sea explores variability within and among platforms. On these systems, most annular shelf‐margin reefs are less than 500 m wide on both chains; inboard of the reefs, reef sand aprons range up to 500 m (Spratlys) and 1000 m (Paracels) wide. Around individual platforms, Spratly Chain sand apron widths are wider to the north‐west, whereas apron widths in the Paracel Chain are more symmetrical; collectively, data indicate log‐normal width‐exceedance probability distributions. Platform‐interior patch reefs include area‐exceedance probability distributions and gap size distributions (lacunarity) consistent within chains, but distinct between the chains. To understand the processes underlying distinct distributions, simulations explored distinct growth scenarios. Results suggest that differences may represent distinct process classes: proportional growth processes with multiplicative random effects (reef sand aprons – belts), versus non‐linear, size‐proportional growth of randomly aged and distributed elements (patch reefs – mosaics). The probabilistically distinct sizes and spatial patterns of geomorphic elements within these general process classes are interpreted to represent ‘variations on themes’ related to the different impacts of tropical storms, winter cold fronts and circulation in each chain. The results highlight fundamentally different growth patterns impacting the sizes and distribution of facies belts and mosaics on isolated carbonate platforms. Because these types of bodies ultimately construct stratigraphy, the themes could be applied to understand and predict variability in the architecture of subsurface reservoir analogues.     

围岩弹塑性变形条件下锚杆、喷混凝土和U型钢的支护效果研究

已给出弹塑性变形条件下围岩-支护相互作用的全过程解析求解,在此基础上深入研究3种常用支护结构的支护作用效果,是非常必要的。考虑开挖面空间效应,根据弹塑性变形条件下围岩-支护相互作用的全过程解析求解,针对6、5、4 m直径的工程算例,分别对素喷混凝土、锚杆和U型钢等3种支护结构的支护作用效果进行了理论计算与分析,主要包括:3种支护结构极限承载能力理论计算、基于开挖面空间效应的3种支护结构控制围岩弹塑性变形的理论计算与效果分析、剩余支护承载力对普氏围岩压力支护效果的计算与分析;研究了U型钢支架的荷载-径向变形本构关系、提出了剩余支护承载力的概念、分析了支护结构支护围岩各类形变压力的支护机制。研究结果表明:(1)3种支护结构能提供的支护承载力ip(<1 MPa)相对于原岩应力0p(>10 MPa)来说量级太低,控制5⁶ m及更大直径的巷道围岩弹塑性变形是无效的,但控制4 m直径的巷道围岩弹塑性变形是有效的;(2)对于直径达56 m及更大直径的巷道围岩弹塑性变形是无效的,但控制4 m直径的巷道围岩弹塑性变形是有效的;(2)对于直径达5⁶ m甚至更大的巷道围岩,若支护结构的剩余支护承载力i2p能有效地被保存,则支护结构还可以起到有效地支护普氏围岩压力的作用。     

考虑拱效应的高面板堆石坝流变收敛机制研究

采用一种能模拟高围压条件的堆石料幂函数流变本构模型,探讨狭窄河谷条件下堆石体流变变形的发展规律及相应的控制流变变形的工程措施。数值仿真结果表明,在狭窄河谷中的堆石体存在着拱效应。由于拱效应的影响,如果不考虑堆石体流变导致拱效应减弱而增加的附加变形,数值仿真计算得到的大坝变形将小于其真实的变形。受拱效应影响,堆石体初期变形的速率受到抑制,但随着坝体的升高、蓄水后水压力的加大以及堆石体随时间发展等流变变形因素的影响,堆石体中的拱效应逐渐减弱。要减小面板浇筑后由于其下卧的堆石体流变产生的附加变形,可以尽量利用面板过水及堆石体挡水,以加快堆石体流变变形的完成。采取措施,避免大的陡坡突变以及面板浇筑时间滞后其下卧堆石体断面几个月。     

广西河流预报新模式及关键技术研究与应用

随着全国中小河流水文监测工程项目的实施以及国家、广西水情预警发布管理办法的出台,在洪涝频繁、中小河流站点点多面广的新形势下,如何实现广西河流预报任务由传统的预报增加至预警、预报双重要求成为近年来工作中迫切要解决的问题.基于水量平衡原理及洪水水位涨率变化规律分析研究,根据"预测-预警-预报"河流预报模式,研究开发了适应此...