论军事测绘学与军事地理学发展的“分异”与“聚焦”

军事测绘学和军事地理学的演进与发展,都有近两千多年的历史,如今都已进入信息时代,成为分属工科和理科的两门独立的学科。本文论述了军事测绘学和军事地理学的研究对象、内容、范围和方法;分析了军事测绘学和军事地理学各自的发展过程,描述了各自的演进轨迹,特别是分析了信息时代的军事测绘学和军事地理学的发展趋势和各自特点;就军事测绘学和军事地理学在战场地理环境信息保障中的作用,分别从战场地理环境信息保障的两种思维、发展过程、发展特点和发展趋势等几个方面,分析了军事测绘学和军事地理学的"分异"与"聚焦";最后,从哲学的高度论述了"空间与时间一起构成运动着的物质存在的两种基本形式"和"空间参照与时间参照是自然与社会现象的两个基本参照系统"的观点,认为军事测绘学和军事地理学都是研究存在于空间和时间之中且运动着的物质,但研究的具体对象、内容、范围和方法有很大区别,必将在无限和有限统一的空间和时间中深化各自的研究内容、开拓各自的研究范围,创新各自的研究方法,同时又更加紧密地聚焦于战场地理环境信息保障。     

基于LiDAR的海岛岸线自动提取研究

为了探讨栅格化方法与图像分割法对海岛岸线提取的效果,本文主要研究了基于Li DAR数据利用这两种方法对某岛进行瞬时海岸线的提取。利用栅格化方法通过对Li DAR点云数据进行粗差剔除、滤波去噪、构建Terrain数据集、创建栅格表面、生成TIN模型及自动生成等高线,从而实现了瞬时海岸线的提取;利用图像分割法是通过对Li DAR点云数据进行粗差剔除、滤波处理、构建TIN模型、生成二值栅格图像、图像处理与图像边缘提取的过程实现瞬时海岸线的提取。对两种方法提取的海岸线进行叠加显示分析,试验结果表明:两种方法提取的海岸线形态结构基本吻合,海岸线提取效率较传统方法均有提高,但栅格化方法提取的海岸线比图像分割方法提取的海岸线更平滑、更细化,边缘信息较为丰富,与实际海岸线更贴切,效果更加理想。     

A digital earth platform for sustainability

ABSTRACT

Based on the experience of the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE), this paper describes some challenges foreseen in order to develop a Digital Earth platform that can support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. The use of ready-to-use derived geospatial information is essential. Future Earth’s methodology of ‘co-design’ aims to bring together natural, social scientists and decision makers to plan and carry out research for sustainability. Sustainability implies transdisciplinary research, but in order for scientists of different disciplines to work together, they will need to be able to share, access and use common data. This is by far not simple! While the good will to share data might exist, the associated technological, ethical and privacy issues are difficult to solve. An adequate e-infrastructure will be required. ISDE could consider to use the SDGs is the basis to develop the desired Digital Earth platform. This paper, by no means, covers everything for a Digital Earth platform, it aims to trigger research discussions and to have a good view about a starting point.     

海岛岸线遥感立体测图精细测量方法

提出了一种海岛岸线遥感测图精细测量新方法,该方法直接基于理论定义的海岸线,利用航空影像瞬时水涯线数据在立体测图环境中提取瞬时水位高程;利用海岛周边精密海潮模型和瞬时水位高程推算海岛岸线高程;最后依据海岛岸线高程,采用立体测图方法测制海岛岸线的平面位置。该方法确保了海岛岸线成果的唯一性和连续性,适合大比例尺的大陆海岸线和海岛岸线测量。测试结果显示,在较高精度海潮模型和海面地形支持下,海岛岸线高程精度优于0.2 m,可满足1：2000测图要求。     

GIS的未来之我见

对当前地理信息系统的发展动态进行了分析,提出了未来GIS的发展呈现出的新特点、云计算GIS的发展趋势以及GIS和人们的生活密切相关.     

一种网状GIS软件项目管理方法

软件项目管理是实施软件工程的核心,GIS软件是以地理空间环境为研究对象的,空间数据的多维特性以及地学方法本身的复杂性等决定了GIS软件项目管理具有自身独特的特点,实施更为复杂。通过与一般软件项目管理的对比分析,指出GIS项目管理要关注过程;简要介绍常规GIS项目管理线的设置,探讨了不足;提出了一种网状的GIS软件项目管理方法,核心是管理线设置。详细论述了管理线实施的过程、内容与重点,突出了计划、设计、实施与回溯4个环节。     

数据中心应用集成开发平台标准体系

为了满足空间信息系统快速构建及智能化服务的需要,针对空间信息系统快速构建及智能化服务的特点,全面分析了现有的地理信息标准和信息技术标准,确定数据中心应用集成开发平台标准体系的来源与定位及其设计原则,提出了标准间关系合理、层次结构分明的服务于空间信息系统的快速构建及智能化服务的数据中心应用集成开发平台标准体系。     

A novel spatial index using spatial analyses and hierarchical fuzzy expert system for obtaining green TOD: a case study in Tehran city

Sustainable development is a vital and challenging factor for managing urban growth smartly. This factor contains three main components, namely economic growth, ecological protection and social justice. Green Transit-Oriented Development (GTOD) is a consummate planning approach in line with those components. Implementation of GTOD in an urban area is underpinned by its quantification. Therefore, a quantitative spatial index based on several indicators related to TOD and Green urbanism concepts should be developed. In this study, Geo-spatial Information Science and hierarchical fuzzy inference system (HFIS) were employed to calculate the indicators and aggregate them, respectively. In order to showcase the feasibility of the proposed method, it was implemented in a case study area in the City of Tehran, Iran. The result of this method is an integrated spatial GTOD index, which measures the neighbourhoods’ GTOD levels. These measurements specify weaknesses and strengths of neighbourhoods’ factors. Therefore, this index helps decision-makers to plan neighbourhoods based on land use and public transit views. Additionally, the HFIS method helps decision-makers to consider criteria and indicators with their inherent uncertainties and aggregate them with much fewer rules. For evaluating the results, the developed GTOD index was assessed with municipal action planning and attraction maps. According to the outcomes of the assessment, it is concluded that the proposed method is adequately robust and efficient for smart and sustainable urban planning.     

Study on the urban heat island effects and its relationship with surface biophysical characteristics using MODIS imageries

This study assesses surface urban heat island (UHI) and its associated surface physical characteristics using remote sensing approaches. TERRA/MODIS images acquired in 2005 in three different seasons were selected to generate land surface tem-perature and surface characteristics for the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan area in China. The intensity of urban heat is-land effects and its seasonal variations were examined. The result showed that UHI effects were significant both in the summer and the spri...