综合找矿方法在覆盖区的应用——以山东省单县大刘庄铁矿勘查为例

山东省铁矿分布广泛,在鲁西南广大覆盖区产有许多铁矿床,其中在菏泽市单县地区发育沉积变质型铁矿。简要介绍了单县大刘庄铁矿区的地质特征：该矿床埋藏于第四系-古近系巨厚层（覆盖厚度达458～549 m）以下,赋存于新太古代泰山岩群山草峪组中;区内铁矿体总体呈层状、似层状、透镜状,产状与围岩一致,走向为NW-SE,总体倾向SW,倾角为45°～60°;铁矿中全铁平均品位约25%,磁性铁平均品位约20%。详细介绍了运用地质、物探等勘查方法进行找矿的过程：通过对区内的物探数据进行分析,解译了矿区基岩的地质特征和隐伏断层的重要信息;根据大比例尺地质、物探示矿信息特征,建立了包含地质环境、矿床特征和地球物理特征（明显高磁异常和高重力异常及其梯度带）的预测模型;通过对大刘庄铁矿的勘查,总结出了在厚大覆盖层下铁矿床的勘查流程:“航磁异常选区→资料全面系统收集→工作区优选→磁法测量和重力测量→地质信息分析→大比例尺高磁和重力剖面、CSAMT和SIP测量→通过优选成矿有利部位→深部钻探施工→井中磁测”。     

新型热压WC-Fe基金刚石钻头胎体性能研究

为了提高钻头在坚硬致密岩层中的钻进效果并降低钻头成本,将传统的热压碳化钨（WC）基金刚石钻头胎体中一部分WC用Fe代替。用粉末冶金的方法烧制胎体试块并测试其性能。通过对比性能测试,分析了碳化钨和铁的含量变化对胎体性能的影响规律。应用回归分析和规划求解,分别建立了硬度和耐磨性的回归方程,确定了最优的胎体硬度和耐磨性以及对应的胎体配方。      

济南市燕翅山铁矿采空区稳定性分析评价

济南燕翅山铁矿已闭坑多年,遗留大量的采空区潜在地面塌陷、山体崩塌及裂缝隐患,对当地人民群众生命财产安全构成威胁。该文对采空区稳定性进行了分析计算,并根据研究区实际,提出了主要地质灾害治理方法和措施建议。     

数值模拟在沂水铁矿区地下水环境影响评价中的应用

地下水数值模拟在矿区地下水环境评价中应用较少,通过对山东沂水铁矿矿区进行水文地质详细勘察,建立了尾矿库及矿区地下水水流及水质数学模型,预测和评价了该矿建设实施过程中对地下水环境可能造成的直接影响和间接危害。结论为矿山建设阶段和运行阶段正常情况下,尾矿区水位水质变化对地下水环境没有明显的影响,非正常情况或者事故状态下,预测污染因子在泄漏点附近一定范围出现超标现象;采矿区矿井排水对当地浅层地下水位影响较大。针对这种影响和危害提出防治措施,为沂水铁矿建设项目选址决策、工程设计和环境管理提供科学依据。     

不同种类纳米零价铁的毒性比较研究

纳米零价铁是一种高效的环境修复材料,可以处理多种污染物;然而,纳米粒子的尺寸效应可能导致其在自然界中存在潜在毒性风险。选择几种常用包覆型、负载型和裸露的纳米铁,通过大肠杆菌的耐受性实验,比较3种纳米铁的毒性。研究表明,负载型纳米铁的分散性最好,而裸露纳米铁最差。3种纳米铁虽然对大肠杆菌都表现出毒性,但是负载型纳米铁的毒性最小。通过毒性减缓的机理分析,说明纳米铁改性后阻止了纳米颗粒与细菌的直接接触,这是空间位阻效应的作用。研究结果进一步证实了在使用纳米材料前应充分评估潜在毒性和环境效应的重要性。     

辽宁本溪南芬铁矿地质特征

南芬铁矿床成因类型为太古宙鞍山式火山沉积变质铁矿床,矿床规模为超大型,矿体形态和组构较简单,矿石有用组分分布均匀.矿体由分布于太古宇鞍山群茨沟岩组中的3个铁矿层组成,控矿构造为单斜构造,矿体的规模、产状、矿物组成、品位（TFe）稳定.     

辽宁鞍本地区铁矿床地质特征及找矿标志分析

在区域成矿地质背景分析的基础上,对辽宁鞍山、本溪地区典型条带状铁矿床的矿床地质特征和找矿标志进行了分析总结,研究表明铁矿产于太古宙晚期花岗岩-绿岩带内,主要为条带状含铁建造型铁矿床,鞍山群茨沟岩组、樱桃园岩组是找矿主要层位.矿石具有条带状、块状构造,半自形等粒粒状变晶结构、残留结构等.含铁建造的演化趋势与火山作用密切相关.鞍本凹陷区以及高大磁异常、复杂磁异常、低缓磁异常、深大磁异常和剩余磁异常区是寻找大型、超大型铁矿的最有利部位.     

南坑河污染初步调查及河岸植物的富集能力

南坑河是新丰江的一条支流,直接汇入广东省最大的饮用水源地新丰江水库。野外调查中发现私自采矿和在河流沿岸洗矿等行为不断发生,大量洗矿废水未经处理直接注入南坑河,可能会造成污染。因此,采样初步分析了南坑河河水、河流底泥沉积物及附近优势植物的9种重金属元素含量。结果发现：与地表水II类标准相比,南坑河枯水期水体污染严重,其中连续2 a的铅、砷和汞超标,超标倍数分别为1.7~1.8、1.3~1.9和1.6~2.9倍,而底泥中铜、镉、铅、锌和砷均超标,超标倍数分别为4.8、9.0、3.9、4.3和10.9倍,镉和砷超标较为严重。另外,收集并鉴定了河岸或河漫滩中天然生长的15种植物,发现以蕨类植物和多年生禾草为主要类型。通过分析植物体内9种重金属元素含量,发现对砷吸附能力最强的当属蜈蚣草,其叶片中砷的含量（609.20 mg/kg）和茎干中砷的含量（814.77 mg/kg）均大于根部的砷含量（577.30 mg/kg）;蜈蚣草对铁、锰、铜和铅的吸附能力也远远大于其他河岸植物,可以作为良好地修复以砷为主的复合重金属污染土壤的富集植物。     

湖南道县铁锰矿区岩溶发育影响因素分析

湖南道县铁锰矿区岩溶发育主要受地层岩性、地形地貌、断裂构造等因素的控制,岩溶形态主要有溶洞、暗河、溶沟、溶槽、漏斗、落水洞和溶蚀洼地等,岩溶非均一性特征明显。在地层岩性上,以矿区CaO含量最高的上泥盆统佘田桥组和锡矿山组下段二至四层白云质灰岩、白云岩与锡矿山组下段第一层泥灰岩、泥质灰岩隔水层交界部位岩溶最为发育,佘田桥组见溶洞260个,占总溶洞数的96.7%。在平面上,岩溶以中部及北部地势平坦的覆盖岩溶区最为发育,见洞率54.8%,其次是岩石裸露的东部及南部低山丘陵区,矿区南部见洞率40.4%。在垂向上,由浅及深岩溶发育由强至弱,标高0~220m钻孔揭露溶洞237个,占溶洞总数的86.5%,-150~0m揭露溶洞28个,占溶洞总数的10.2%,-400m以下无溶洞及溶蚀现象。在地质构造上,断裂及其影响带岩溶较发育,断裂带见溶洞209个,占总见洞数的76.3%,且溶洞充填率较高。      

Importance of hydrogeological conditions during formation of the karstic bauxite deposits,Central Guizhou Province,Southwest China: A case study at Lindai deposit

Karstic bauxite deposits are widespread in Central Guizhou Province, SW China, and high-grade ores are frequently sandwiched with overlying coal and underlying iron-rich layers and form a special “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. The Lindai deposit, which is one of the most representative karstic bauxite deposits in Central Guizhou Province, was selected as a case study. Based on textural features and iron abundances, bauxite ores in the Lindai deposit are divided into three types of ores, i.e., clastic, compact, and high-iron. The bauxite ores primarily comprise diaspore, boehmite, kaolinite, illite, and hematite with minor quartz, smectite, pyrite, zircon, rutile, anatase, and feldspar. The Al₂O₃ (53–76.8 wt.%) is the main chemical contents of the bauxite ore samples in the Lindai district, followed by SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, CaO, MgO, S, and P etc. Our geological data on the Lindai deposit indicated that the ore-bearing rock series and its underlying stratum have similar rare earth elements distribution pattern and similar Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and Eu/Eu¹ values; additionally, all ore-bearing rock samples are rich in MgO (range from 0.16 wt.% to 0.68 wt.%), and the plots of the dolomites and laterites lie almost on or close to the weathering line fit by the Al-bearing rocks in Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta diagrams; suggesting that the underlying Middle Cambrian Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the parent rock of bauxite resources in the Lindai district.Simulated weathering experiments on the modern laterite from the Shilengshui Formation dolomite in the Lindai bauxite deposit show that hydrogeological conditions are important for karstic bauxite formation: Si is most likely to migrate, its migration rate is several magnitudes higher than those of Al and Fe under natural conditions; the reducing inorganic acid condition is the most conducive to Al enrichment and Si removal; Fe does not migrate easily in groundwater, Al enrichment and Fe removal can occur only in acidic and reducing conditions with the presence of organic matter.The geological and experimental studies show that “coal–bauxite–iron” structure in Lindai deposit is formed under certain hydrogeological conditions, i.e., since lateritic bauxite or Al-rich laterite deposited upon the semi-closed karst depressions, Si can be continuously removed out under neutral/acidic groundwater conditions; the coal/carbonaceous rock overlying the bauxitic materials were easily oxidized to produce acidic (H₂S, H₂SO₄, etc.) and reductant groundwater with organic materials that percolated downward, resulting in enrichment of Al in underlying bauxite; it also reduced Fe³⁺ to its easily migrating form Fe²⁺, moving downward to near the basal carbonate culminated in precipitating of ferruginous (FeS₂, FeCO₃, etc.) strata of the “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. Thus, the bauxitic materials experienced Al enrichment and Si and Fe removal under above certain hydrogeological conditions forming the high-quality bauxite.