纳米氧化物颗粒对水基钻井液润滑性能影响的试验研究

通过在水基钻井液中添加纳米氧化物颗粒,来改善其润滑性能。选用了Al2O3、TiO2及SiO2三种纳米氧化物颗粒作为钻井液改性添加剂,利用极压润滑仪及销盘摩擦磨损实验仪研究了添加不同种类和浓度纳米颗粒氧化物对水基钻井液的润滑性能及减摩效果的影响。结果表明,所添加的3种球形纳米颗粒均有润滑减阻减摩的效果,其中SiO2颗粒的钻井液的润滑性能、滤失性能以及减摩效果都是最好的。当纳米SiO2颗粒加量为0.4%时,滤失量最小,润滑系数降低率达到15.6%,摩擦系数降低率为32.0%,磨痕轨迹平滑,减摩效果最为明显。当纳米颗粒浓度超过0.5%时,减摩效果降低,磨盘脱层磨损明显。     

The inner inner core of the Earth: Texturing of iron crystals from three-dimensional seismic anisotropy

We present a three-dimensional model of the seismic anisotropy and texturing of iron crystals in the inner core. The form of the anisotropy changes suddenly at slightly less than half of the inner core radius. The outer part is composed of iron crystals of a single phase with different degrees of preferred alignment along the spin axis of the Earth. The inner part may be composed of a different phase of crystalline iron or have a different pattern of alignment.     

XEPOS型偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪分析蒙古铁矿石

以熔融玻璃片和粉末压片制样,采用XEPOS型偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪,建立了铁矿石中总铁、氧化钙、氧化镁、二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、硫、磷、铜等组分的快速分析方法。着重讨论硫、磷两元素测定的可行性和Lucas-Tooth、Price数学校正模型的适应性和改善方法的途径。     

滇西北衙铁金多金属矿床成矿地质特征及其两阶段成矿过程研究——以万硐山矿段为例

滇西北衙铁金多金属矿床为西南三江富碱斑岩-多金属成矿带中南段典型矿床之一,成矿严格受富碱斑岩及其相关的深大断裂控制,伴随多期富碱斑岩脉体侵入、热液交代与围岩蚀变、矿物质富集及次生富集过程,构成了复杂的斑岩-矽卡岩成矿系统和地表次生成矿系统。文章以万硐山露天采场区大比例尺地质填图为基础,重新厘定和梳理各地质体及其间相互关系,取得了万硐山矿段详细的成矿地质特征及原生矿化的两阶段成矿新认识。     

Development of a reactive zone technology for simultaneous in situ immobilisation of radium and uranium

Simultaneous in situ immobilisation of uranium (U) and radium (²²⁶Ra) by injectible amounts of grey cast iron (gcFe), nano-scale iron (naFe) and a gcFe/MnO₂ mixture (1:1) was studied in batch and column tests. Both 0.5 g/L naFe and gcFe are effective in ²²⁶Ra and U removal from mine water, whereas MnO₂ addition clearly increased the efficiency of gcFe for ²²⁶Ra and U immobilisation. In a column test with 0.6 wt% gcFe/MnO₂ mixture (1:1), neither ²²⁶Ra nor U was detected in the effluent after replacement of 45 pore volumes. A sequential extraction under flow condition revealed ²²⁶Ra to be mostly occluded in manganese oxides. Uranium was mostly sorbed onto poorly crystalline iron hydroxides, but a significant part was found to be occluded in manganese oxides also. The results of this study suggest that MnO₂ promotes iron hydroxide formation under slightly reducing environmental conditions resulting in an increased pollutant retention capacity.     

富钴结壳生长过程中铁锰氧化物矿物组合的变化

富钴结壳的矿物学研究是一个难点，本文运用电子探针微区分析结合X射线衍射和矿相显微镜观察的综合方法对富钴结壳中的铁锰氧化物矿物组合及其组分变化进行了研究，研究发现，富钴结壳是从与胶状粘土类混合共沉积开始生长的，结壳内部的韵律层和柱状构造也是始于粘土层终于粘土层的；铁锰团粒的核心一般是较纯的水羟凶国矿小核心，可能是在生物媒介作用下在水体中形成后沉降叠积的，FM、FPE海山结壳的中层存在一较纯水羟锰矿层，但该层中Co含量FM15比FPE06低得多，可能反映了FM15在该层形成时Co通量较低，而该层在FN12中不存在，反映了区域环境的较大差异，在FN12火焰状构造亚带存在Mn氧化物和Fe氧化物的极度分异现象，可能反映了结壳形成环境的重大变化。     

Cobalt‐Bearing Grunerite in the Metamorphosed Banded Iron Formation in Orissa,India

Banded iron formation (BIF) comprising high grade iron ore are exposed in Gorumahisani‐Sulaipat‐Badampahar belt in the east of North Orissa Craton, India. The ores are multiply deformed and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies. The mineral assemblage in the BIF comprises grunerite, magnetite/martite/goethite and quartz. Relict carbonate phases are sometimes noticed within thick iron mesobands. Grunerite crystals exhibit needles to fibrous lamellae and platy form or often sheaf‐like aggregates in linear and radial arrangement. Accicular grunerite also occur within intergranular space of magnetite/martite. Grunerite needles/accicules show higher reflectivity in chert mesoband and matching reflectance with that of adjacent magnetite/martite in iron mesoband. Some grunerite lamellae sinter into micron size magnetite platelets. This grunerite has high ferrous oxide and cobalt oxide content but is low in Mg‐ and Mn‐oxide compared to the ones, reported from BIFs, of Western Australia, Nigeria, France, USA and Quebec. The protolith of this BIF is considered to be carbonate containing sediments, with high concentrations of Fe and Si but lower contents of cobalt and chromium ± Mg, Mn and Ni. During submarine weathering quartz, sheet silicate (greenalite) and Fe‐Co‐Cr (Mg‐Mn‐Ni)‐carbonate solid solution were formed. At the outset of the regional metamorphic episode grunerite, euhedral magnetite and recrystalized quartz were developed. Magnetite was grown at the expense of carbonate and later martitized under post‐metamorphic conditions. With the increasing grade of metamorphism greenalite transformed to grunerite.     

新疆阿尔泰南缘巴利尔斯铁矿床稀土元素地球化学研究

巴利尔斯铁矿是阿尔泰南缘麦兹盆地新近发现的中型铁矿床.赋存于上志留—下泥盆统康布铁堡下亚组第二岩性段变粒岩、浅粒岩及斜长角闪岩中,矿体及其周围发育大量矽卡岩矿物.本文对矿体围岩、矽卡岩矿物和矿石进行了稀土元素地球化学研究,结果表明磁铁矿矿石、矽卡岩与围岩斜长角闪岩的 REE 特征具有相似性,暗示磁铁矿矿石与矽卡岩具有亲缘性,斜长角闪岩可能提供部分成矿物质.矽卡岩和矿石发育Eu正异常及所有矿石的负Ce异常,表明铁成矿作用发生在高温氧化环境.     

北京市铁矿资源形势及找矿方向

目前,我国年钢铁产量快速增长,造成市场上铁矿石供小于求,价格快速上扬。铁矿为北京市允许开采矿种,保有储量仅2亿吨,可供现有铁矿山开采35年,因此应加大铁矿资源的勘查力度,增添新的矿产地,满足钢铁生产的需求。北京密云、怀柔北部山区的变质岩中鞍山式铁矿石,为主要找矿方向。     

中国已查明的铁矿资源的结构特征

以中国2005年的铁储量库为基础,总结了中国铁矿查明资源的矿床类型、矿石类型、矿石品级、矿产组合、勘查程度、矿体埋深等的结构特征。结果表明：中国铁矿床类型以沉积变质型、岩浆型、接触交代-热液型及火山岩型为主,查明铁矿资源绝大多数为单一矿产和主要矿产,虽然品位低,但以易选的磁铁矿石和钒钛磁铁矿石为主;勘查程度高,开发利用的风险较小;勘查深度浅,开采技术和经济条件有利,深部找矿潜力大。