辽宁省大气污染对人体健康的危害及研究展望

概述了大气污染对人体健康产生的严重危害,分析了辽宁省大气污染特征及居民健康水平的变化趋势,针对大气污染对人体健康影响的研究现状,提出了辽宁省大气污染与人体健康的研究展望。     

地下水中常见有机污染物的原位治理技术现状

随着人类活动的加剧,地下水的污染日益严重,而有机污染的调查与防治也已受到了更多的关注。国外的地下水有机污染治理技术研究和实践已有较长的历史,取得了较多的成果。主要技术方法有曝气法、生物处理法,化学氧化法、植物修复、渗透性反应墙法等。近年来,国内也开始了地下水有机污染治理的研究和试验,但尚处于起步阶段。本文以地下水中常见的有机污染物为线索,总结了它们的来源、危害及国内外治理技术的现状,以期对地下水污染的调查与治理工作有所借鉴。     

Rapid Expansion of Melica przewalskyi Causes Soil Moisture Deficit and Vegetation Degradation in Subalpine Meadows

Invasive noxious plants have important impacts on community dynamics and ecosystem functions in grasslands. Since the 1960s, the noxious plant Melica przewalskyi has spread rapidly and formed different size of patches in subalpine meadows of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China. In this study, the species richness, vegetation structure, and soil water content are investigated from the patch edge to the center in four sizes of M. przewalskyi patches (i.e., small patch, <100 cm in canopy diameter; middle patch, 100–200 cm; large patch, 200–300 cm; and the largest patch, >300 cm). The results show that while the patches grow continuously, the dominant species changes from Stipa krylovii to M. przewalskyi with an increasing trend in plant productivity and decreasing trend in species richness and soil water content. Plant height, density, coverage, and above‐ground biomass of M. przewalskyi population increases from the patch edge to the center in small, middle, and large patches, whereas it is precisely the opposite in the largest patch. Interestingly, soil water content exhibits a decreasing trend from the patch edge to the center in all patches. The results indicate that the rapid spread of M. przewalskyi may well alter vegetation pattern and cause a severe soil moisture deficit, which would further drive the degradation of ecosystem functioning in subalpine meadows.     

铜陵地区岩溶塌陷基本特征及防治方向初步探讨

近几年来，铜陵地区一些岩溶充水矿山及岩溶水源地不断出现岩榕塌陷，其规模较大，成灾严重。本文叙述了该区岩溶塌陷的地质背景及其特征，对岩溶塌陷形成的基本条件和动力因素进行了初步分析探讨。针对岩溶塌陷的危害，初步提出了防治对策与措施。