Producer Services Research in Europe*

Four directions in producer services research in Europe are identified: the economic role of producer services for urban and regional development; the location of advanced producer services; the role of regional structures and innovative “milieu”; and local development and labor markets. Issues for future research include the role of producer services in the urban structuring and/or restructuring of world cities; the relation between producer services and interregional disparities; the integration of producer services into networks; and the impacts of the liberalization of producer services.     

Producer Services Research in the United Kingdom

This paper reviews recent research in the United Kingdom on producer services and suggests directions for further research. A recurrent theme in UK-based geographic research into producer services is the role of service activities, establishments, and trade in uneven development of the UK space economy, a role manifested in uneven provision and quality of services in peripheral regions. During the 1980s, overall growth in demand for producer services and the rapid rise in metropolitan London real estate costs reduced London's dominance, but these trends moderated by the end of the decade. In the absence of adequate government statistics, regular and standardized surveys are needed to compile a time series of service change in the United Kingdom. Directions for continued empirical research include the role of producer services in innovation and technology transfer, the implications of information technology for the location of employment in the sector, and the impacts of productivity increases on employment and wages.     

Koreatown and Korean Small Firms in Los Angeles: Locating in the Ethnic Neighborhoods*

The locations of Korean firms in Los Angeles reflect spatial segmentation in markets and the provision of labor, in that the ethnic neighborhoods facilitate positive business environments for ethnic small firms. While Korean small businesses serve both community needs and broader local markets, firm locations are closely associated with the residential patterns of some ethnic populations. To address the specificity of firm locations, this paper examines Koreatown using historical sources and recent property development, identifies changes in the locational patterns of Korean firms between 1975 and 1986, and analyzes relationships between business density and density of ethnic populations for zip code areas. The findings of this study indicate that both the development of Koreatown and the presence of ethnic neighborhoods are important influences on the location of Korean businesses.     

应用土壤水模拟模型研究区域干旱

旨在应用平原地区土壤水模拟模型，给出区域旱精分析所需的干旱信息。以多年平均土壤含水量为判断旱情发生的临界函数，经过统计分析后，提出了一种适用于平原地区分析 区域旱情严重程度的实用方法和拟定评价旱情的定量标准。     

ADVANCES IN APPLIED RESEARCH OF THE OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION IN CHINA

The outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)observed by NOAA satellite series has widely applied in various researchfields since the 1980s in China.In this paper,advances of the applied research of OLR are described in the following re-spects:(1)Studies of the global ITCZ;(2)Climatology of the subtropical high over northern Pacific;(3)Studies of the tropical cyclone over West Pacific;(4)Characteristics of the intraseasonal variation(ISV)of tropical convective activities;(5)Divergence wind and large scale circulation over the tropics;(6)Studies of the air-sea interaction;(7)Estimation of precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and the Yangtze River(Changjiang River)basin during therainy season;(8)Analyses of regional climates of China;(9)Studies of prediction of the severe and disastrous weather and climate;(10)Atlas of OLR.The distinctive features of these advances are reviewed and the focal points of the OLR applied research in futureare also suggested.     

内蒙古呼盟地区地震活动的基本特征

通过对内蒙古呼盟地区地震活动的研究,认为呼盟地区震中分布较稳定;存在20年左右地震活动周期;震源机制两节面分布相对比较稳定,P、T轴近水平向;地震破裂是以水平滑动为主。将来呼盟地区的地震活动主体地区为博克图、满洲里一带,震级为5级左右。     

辽宁及其邻区1900—1949年M≥5级地震参数研究

我们搜集了国际国内地震台网资料、宏观考察资料、地震专题研究报告,对1900—1949年5级以上地震全部进行了核查,重新进行定位处理,并结合宏观考察资料和前人工作成果进行分析研究,得到较为准确的震中位置。通过这项研究,增补了原目录中遗漏的地震,并对目录中的错误进行了修正,从而得到一份较为完整可靠的地震目录。     

矿山地震研究述评

就采矿引起的诱发地震活动,即矿山地震的国际研究动态进行评述.重点介绍矿山地震的命名、早期观测与研究、几个主要矿震国家的情况、矿震的分类、矿震的震源机制、矿震震源参数与定标率等问题.还就利用矿山作为天然地震的预报实验场和作为地震技术的推广市场问题进行探讨.     

中国地区工业结构变化与区际增长和分工

1979以来,中国地区工业结构发生了重要的变化。本文分析了这一变动的特征及其对区际增长和分工的作用,得出以下结论:（1）绝大多数省市区工业结构变化高于国家水平,但由于各地人均收入、区位性以及结构性差异,这种变动具有明显地理分异:南大北小,东西部大中部小。（2）各地工业结构变动普遍表现为重加工业地位上升,采掘工业地位下降,且多数省市区原材料工业和轻工业地位下降,高加工度化和重加工业化十分显著。（3）广东、江苏、福建、河北、安徽、湖南、陕西、浙江、甘肃、云南、四川等省区结构调整有利经济增长,其它省市区结构调整相对不利经济增长。（4）资源型地区数量减少,加工型地区较大幅度地增加,基本形成沿海沿江地区和陕西省以加工业为相对专业化部门,其它广大地区以采掘、原材料为相对专业化部门的区际分工格局。     

Sectoral Composition and Spatial Distribution of Department of Defense Services Procurement*

The purpose of this research is to analyze the composition and distribution of Department of Defense (DOD) services procurement. The results indicate producer services comprise 53% of DOD services outlays. Defense expenditures for services are particularly important in the Washington, D.C., region and in states that either produce weapons or house defense-related R&D facilities. Defense expenditures are providing impetus to service sector growth in Virginia and, simultaneously, are providing the initial stimulus for development of producer services in states such as New Mexico.