2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1 级地震前震中附近地区小震活动的周、月频次分布特征

根据Kolmogorov-Smirnov分布检验法,利用2000年以来1.7≤ML≤2.9地震目录,对2010年4月14日青海玉树MS7.1前震中附近地区2000年以来地震活动的月频次和2007年7月以来地震活动的周频次分布进行了检验。结果表明,地震活动周频次和月频次都不符合泊松分布和正态分布,但周、月频次累积次数的对数与周、月频次之间呈线性关系,类似于G-R关系。分析了周、月频次的标准差σ、CV值、偏度Sk、峰度Ku和bm值等参数随时间的变化,发现在2010年4月14日青海玉树地震前,这些参数都出现了不同程度的异常变化,其中周频次的分布参数随时间的变化似乎呈现出了某种周期性特征。     

新型开孔H型钢阻尼器有限元分析

设计了分别开椭圆形孔和菱形孔的2种新型H型钢耗能器,阐述了它们的构造与耗能原理。采用有限元软件ABAQUS对开椭圆形孔、菱形孔和条形孔这3种新型耗能器的耗能性能进行数值分析,研究了开孔形状、肢宽与肢高等参数对新型耗能器耗能性能的影响。分析结果表明：新型H型钢耗能器具有饱满的滞回曲线,屈服位移较小、耗能性能稳定,耗能器的屈服位移、初始刚度和等效阻尼比随各肢钢板宽度增大（或高度减小）而增大;在开孔率相近或者肢宽相同的情况下,菱形孔H型钢耗能器的等效阻尼比要比条形孔和椭圆形孔的大,且应力分布更加均匀。     

玉门、民乐等地震前跨断层形变异常及与定点前兆观测的相互印证

2002年甘肃玉门5.9级、2003年民乐6.1、5.8级及岷县5.2级地震前震区周围十几至二、三百公里范围内观测到一定数量、明显的跨断层短水准形变异常,其异常形态以加速、突跳或尖点突跳为主,具中期背景或短期前兆意义,反映震前断裂出现先逆断增强后松弛的变化过程,在转折松弛时段易发生地震.其异常空间分布、出现时间等与定点前兆异常具有较好的相互印证意义.     

Coseismic displacement estimate of the 2013 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>S</Subscript>7.0 Lushan,China earthquake based on the simulation of near-fault displacement field

Usually, GPS observation provides direct evidence to estimate coseismic displacement. However, GPS stations are scattered, sparse and cannot provide a detailed distribution of coseismic displacement. Strong ground motion records share the same disadvantages as GPS in estimating coseismic displacement. Estimations from InSAR data can provide displacement distributions; however, the resolution of such methods is limited by the analysis techniques. The paper focuses on estimating the coseismic displacement of the M _S7.0 Lushan earthquake on April 20, 2013 using a simulation of the wave field based on the elastic wave equation instead of a quasi-static equation. First, the media and source models were constructed by comparing the simulated velocity and the record velocity of the ground motion. Then simulated static displacements were compared with GPS records. Their agreement validates our results. Careful analysis of the distribution of simulated coseismic displacements near the fault reveals more details of the ground motion. For example, an uplift appears on the hanging wall of the fault, rotation is associated with the horizontal displacement, the fault strike and earthquake epicenter provide the main control on motion near the faults, and the motion on the hanging wall is stronger than that on the footwall. These results reveal additional characteristics of the ground motion of the Lushan earthquake.     

运用SDM方法研究2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震破裂分布:GPS和InSAR联合反演的结果

2001 年11月14日昆仑山口西M_S8.1地震是有现代仪器记录以来发生在青藏高原区域最大地震之一,对研究青藏高原的运动学模式具有重要意义.从地震发生至今,不同研究者运用不同资料和方法获取的地震破裂分布还存在一定差异.基于此,本文采用GPS和InSAR资料数据,参考最新研究成果,构建更为合理的断层几何模型,运用SDM方法反演本次地震的破裂分布.在反演中充分考虑不同数据权重的影响及InSAR数据中存在的整体偏移.结果显示本次地震断层性质以左旋走滑为主,最大破裂位错为~6.9 m,分布在35.76°N、93.40°E附近,地震较大破裂区域主要分布在地下20 km以内.同时,反演的位错分布在断层浅部与地质考察得到的地表破裂分布较为吻合.在与前人相关研究的对比中,显示本文结果的可靠性是较高的,例如,近地表破裂包络线与地表考察结果相近,地下破裂分布特征与前人提出的3次子地震事件相一致等,再一次佐证了此次地震由多次子地震事件组成的研究结论.     

2014年2月12日新疆于田MW7.0地震源区静态库仑应力变化和地震活动率

2014年2月12日新疆于田M_W7.0地震源区位于巴颜喀拉块体与西昆仑块体的连接部位,东西向拉张构造发育,距离2008年3月21日于田M_W7.1地震震中位置约100 km.根据有限断层地震破裂过程模型,计算了2008年新疆于田地震产生的静态库仑应力变化.此次地震的断层面呈北偏东方向,在断层两端出现3个应力加载区,2014年于田主震位于破裂前端的库仑应力加载区.这一结果表明,2008年于田地震可能对2014年地震事件起到了触发作用.2008和2014年新疆于田地震产生的静态库仑应力变化与余震事件的空间分布具有明显的相关性,大多数余震位于应力加载区,发生在卸载区的余震较少.静态库仑应力变化与余震序列吻合较好.2014年3月21日新疆于田地震之后40天,在北西方向发生M_W5.2强余震,其震中位置的应力增量达到0.63×10⁵Pa.通过比较,发现静态库仑应力变化和地震活动率之间具有较好的相关性.地震活动率较高的区域与静态库仑应力加载区相对应,如康西瓦断裂东段、贡嘎错断裂中段和东北段等区域.     

2015年尼泊尔MS8.1地震震源区S波三维速度结构与强震发生机理研究

利用2001-2003年期间在2015年4月12日尼泊尔M_S8.1级强震震源区流动地震观测记录到的连续波形数据,提取了5~25 s周期的瑞利波相速度频散曲线,并构建了尼泊尔地震震源区二维瑞利波相速度分布图像.以0.5°×0.5°为网格大小将研究区网格化,采用NA算法反演得到尼泊尔地震震源地区三维S波速度结构.结果显示,在上地壳,以主前锋逆冲断裂带（MFT）为界,其以北地区为高波速异常,而其以南为明显低波速异常;在中地壳,以藏南拆离系（STDS）为界,南北两侧速度结构也存在明显差别,以南地区为明显高波速异常,而以北地区为明显低波速异常.这些结构特征说明,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞挤压作用形成地幔热物质上涌并造成地壳物质部分熔融,并由此形成了东西向拉张的南北向裂谷.2015年尼泊尔M_S8.1级主震和最大余震均发生于高低波速异常过渡区且偏向高波速异常区,暗示了这样的波速异常区易于积累能量孕育强震.主震和最大余震的南侧均存在明显的低波速异常,与主喜马拉雅滑脱断裂带（MHT）相对应,可能代表部分熔融或深部流体作用于主边界断裂带（MBT）附近的MHT断裂带,降低断层面上的有效正应力,从而触发尼泊尔强震及最大余震的发生.主震与最大余震之间的余震分布于高低波速异常变化较为明显的地区,说明研究区内地震的发生受震源区附近的速度结构控制.     

基于GPS观测研究2010年青海玉树MS7.1地震震后地壳形变特征及其机制

2010年4月14日青海玉树M_S7.1地震发生在青藏高原东南部甘孜-玉树地震带,在震后7~10天内,我们快速建立了由15个GPS测站组成的跨地震破裂带观测剖面,包括1个连续站,3个半连续站和11个流动站,对所有站进行了240多天的观测,获取了该次地震的震后形变时空特征.采用欧拉矢量和位错模型解算了背景速度场,并从GPS观测的形变场中扣除该分量.采用分层黏弹性位错模型计算余震引起的地表形变,结果表明余震对部分测站的位移造成不可忽视的影响.采用对数模型拟合位移时间序列,表明特征衰减时间为6.7±1.2天.利用最速下降法反演震后余滑时空分布,反演结果表明震后断层活动以左旋滑动为主,断层南盘具有少量的抬升.在空间分布上,余滑主要位于同震破裂区的两侧,西北侧的余滑几乎达到地表,而东南区的余滑基本在同震破裂区的下方,余滑最大的区域位于结古镇东南下方10~20 km的深度范围.随着震后离逝时间的增加,2个余滑区在空间上保持不变,余滑区的面积逐渐扩大.余滑的矩释放为（1.5~5.1）×10¹⁸Nm,相当于1个M_W6.1~6.4地震释放的能量.分层岩石圈黏弹性模型计算的地壳孔隙弹性反弹形变与地表观测值相差较大,不能解释观测到的震后变形.采用麦克斯维尔流变体模型计算下地壳和上地幔松弛引起的地表形变,显示出其对地表形变的贡献较小.GPS观测得到的震后形变所具有的快速衰减特征,以及余滑模型能够较好地拟合GPS地表形变,表明2010年玉树M_S7.1地震后早期阶段的地壳形变主要是由余滑机制决定的.     

DISTRIBUTION OF 3 EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE ZONES IN ESATERN TIENSHAN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH 2 HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES

The distribution of earthquake rupture zone plays a very important role in determining location of epicenter and magnitude of historical earthquake. There is still argument about the seismogenic structure of the 1842 M7 Balikun earthquake and the 1914 M7 1/2 Balikun earthquake in the historical records in eastern Tienshan. Through field geological survey, we confirm that there exist 3 rupture zones in Eastern Tienshan. These rupture zones, Tazibulake rupture zone on the Jian Quanzi-Luo Baoquan Fault, north of Shanshan, Xiong Kuer rupture zone on the south Balikun Basin Fault and Yanchi rupture zone on the south Yiwu Basin Fault, are closely related to 2 historical earthquakes. Based on historical literature and current geological evidence analysis, we infer that Xiong Kuer rupture zone was produced by 1842 M7 earthquake and Yanchi rupture zone by 1914 M7 1/2 earthquake, while Tazibukale rupture zone may represent another unrecorded historical event. South Balikun Basin Fault disturbs Quaternary stratigraphy which has a ¹⁴C age of 3110±30 B.P in the south of Balikun County, ~100km to the east of Xiong Kuer rupture zone, therefore we can't preclude the possibility that Xiong Kuer rupture zone extends to the south of Balikun County. This region overlaps with the meizoseismal area based on the literature document, together with the fact that the impact of 1842 earthquake is no less than 1914 earthquake, we believe that the magnitude of 1842 earthquake is no less than that of the 1914 earthquake.     

MECHANISM OF THE 2015 PISHAN,XINJIANG, MS6.5 MAINSHOCK AND RELOCATION OF ITS AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCES

Using the digital broadband seismic data recorded by Xinjiang network stations, we obtained focal mechanism of the July 3 Pishan, Xinjiang, M_S6.5 earthquake with generalized Cut and Paste(gCAP)inversion method. The strike, dip and rake of first nodal plane are 97°, 27°, 51°, and the second nodal plane are 318°, 70°, 107°. The centroid depth and moment magnitude are calculated to be 12km and 6.4. Combining with the distribution of aftershocks, we conclude that the first nodal plane is the seismogenic fault, and the main shock presents a thrust earthquake at low angle. We relocated 1014 earthquakes using the double-difference algorithm, and finally obtained 937 relocated events. Our results show that the earthquake sequences clearly demonstrate a unilateral extension about 50km nearly in NWW direction, and are mainly located above 25km depth, especially the small earthquakes are predominately located at the shallow parts. Furthermore, the focal depth profile shows a southwestward dipping fault plane at the main shock position, suggesting listric thrust faulting, which is consistent with the dip of the mainshock rupture plane. The spatial distribution of aftershocks represents that the Tarim block was thrust under the West Kunlun orogenic belt. In addition, the dip angle of the fault plane gradually increases along the NWW direction, possibly suggesting a gradual increase of strike-slip component during the NWW rupturing process. From above, we conclude that the Pishan M_S6.5 earthquake is the result of Tibet plateau pushing onto the Tarim block from south to north, which further confirms that the continuous collision of India plate and Eurasia plate has strong influence on the seismic activity in and around the Tibet plateau.