制图综合中道路与建筑物的移位研究

针对地图中道路与建筑物的具体冲突问题,分析了移位的约束条件,阐述移位算法的发展历史,并对其算法进行了分析与研究,最后设计了解决道路与建筑物具体冲突问题的移位方案。     

An alternative approach to determine critical angle of contrast reversal and surface roughness of oil slicks under sunglint

The critical angle is the angle at which the contrast of oil slicks reverse their contrasts against the surrounding oil-free seawater under sunglint. Accurate determination of the critical angle can help estimate surface roughness and refractive index of the oil slicks. Although it’s difficult to determine a certain critical angle, the potential critical angle range help to improve the estimation accuracy. In this study, the angle between the viewing direction and the direction of mirror reflection is used as an indicator for quantifying the critical angle and could be calculated from the solar/viewing geometry from observations of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The natural seep oil slicks in the Gulf of Mexico were first delineated using a customized segmentation approach to remove noise and apply a morphological filter. On the basis of the histograms of the brightness values of the delineated oil slicks, the potential range of the critical angle was determined, and then an optimal critical angle between oil slicks and seawater was then determined from statistical and regression analyses in this range. This critical angle corresponds to the best fitting between the modeled and observed surface roughness of seep oil slicks and seawater.     

观测点的变形过程曲线“三点法”修匀通用计算公式

本文推导了“三点法”修匀通用计算公式．采用该公式便于计算机编程自动处理，计算结果精度比图解法精度高．     

边角后方交会定点的多值问题

应用数学推证和几何作图两种方法,证明了边角后方交会法定成可能存在多值问题,并给出了一种能得以特定单值点位的测算方案。     

基于固体潮观测的高精度垂直摆倾斜仪

针对地球固体潮汐监测的要求,介绍了高精度垂直摆倾斜仪的组成和工作原理;论述了差动电容测微传感器技术在垂直摆倾斜仪中的应用;采用空间多体中心构形理论进行倾斜仪机械结构设计;利用复杂双摆理论分析了摆体的动力学特性,并进行了摆体摆动误差的分析计算;提出了用静电进行垂直摆倾斜仪的标定方法。同时,对垂直摆倾斜仪的使用环境和应用情况进行了说明。     

高精度正立方玻璃体干涉检测方案设计

锥体棱镜作为各种测距仪的附件,属高精度光学元件,且其精度高低对测距仪测距精度影响很大。不少生产厂家在加工中普遍采用先加工出一个正立方体,而后在顶角处斜切出锥体棱镜的加工方法。本文详细讨论了用干涉法检测正立方体各项质量指标,特别提出了利用封闭多边形内角之和恒定的原理消除干涉系统的系统误差,从而使对二面直角的测量可达极高精度。     

两种大旋转角三维基准转换算法比较研究

分析了两种大旋转角条件下的三维基准转换算法,比较了两种算法的优缺点和使用范围,讨论了选定基准转换所需的公共点及其精度和数量。     

Ground movements caused by deep underground mining in Guan-Zhuang iron mine,Luzhong, China

It is difficult to calculate the accurate ground movement due to deep underground mining because of the complexity of the geotechnical environment. Guan-Zhuang iron mine is a pillarless sublevel caving mine operated by Luzhong Metallurgical Mining Company, south-east of Jinan, PR China. It mines the Zhangjiawa Seam at a depth of approximately 520 m. Although the towers are outside the conventional ‘angle of draw’ subsidence influence criteria, and have seen only negligible vertical displacement as a result of deep mining, there has been widespread evidence of regional horizontal displacement of the land surface, large distances away from the mining area. Possible explanations of these displacements include one or a combination of mechanisms such as pre-mining stress relaxation, regional joint patterns, soft rock strata, displacement toward active goaf areas. Luzhong Metallurgical Mining Company have been making precise measurements of distances near the shaft towers in the Guan-Zhuang iron mine since 2003. The results show horizontal displacements of up to 96 mm occur even when underground mining is about 0.8 km from the survey displacements. From an analysis of these and other survey results it is concluded that mining effects extend a long way from deep mining. The results also show that ground horizontal displacements are typically at least as great as the vertical component, that the maximum horizontal displacement occurs soon after undermining.     

稳健S-变换及其确定位移场的有效性

本文根据稳健估计的一般原理,提出了稳健S-变换的概念,导出了其内制约法迭代解法。并对各种稳健S-变换确定位移场的优劣及有效性进行了验证,得出了一些有益的结论。     

大角度三维基准转换的解析封闭解

传统大地测量应用中的基准转换往往涉及小角度旋转,可只考虑旋转角的一阶量采用线性化方法求解。现代空间测量技术成果应用的基准转换涉及大角度旋转,通过将旋转矩阵所有元素作为未知数并利用旋转矩阵正交条件采用附约束条件平差法迭代求解。本文以空间三维基准转换为例,采用多元模型的矩阵形式将多点坐标组成矩阵处理,并利用旋转矩阵的正交条件导出了大角度三维基准转换的解析分步解。同时引入两套公共点坐标误差对传统三维基准转换模型扩展,导出了同时顾及两套公共点坐标误差的大角度三维基准转换模型的解析解。试验表明:给出的大角度三维基准转换解析解能在实现与传统迭代解等效转换结果的同时,有效避免复杂耗时的迭代计算,提高计算效果。