山东数字化测震台网“十五”与“九五”系统震级测定的对比分析

本文较详细地介绍了山东数字化测震台网"十五"系统与"九五"系统在震级测定方面的研究成果。     

中国东部晚白垩世恐龙化石集群埋藏特征及国内外对比

运用埋藏学与沉积地质学的研究方法与手段,对中国东部晚白垩世具有恐龙化石集群埋藏盆地中恐龙骨骼化石的埋藏地层层序与年代、埋藏骨骼化石特征、骨骼化石埋藏类型及其埋藏成因等进行了分析与总结,并将其产出时代、埋藏相、埋藏特征与国外进行了对比研究。研究认为:中国东部与国外相比,虽然化石产出的具体时期有所差异,但从恐龙种群、埋藏相及沉积地层学等方面均具有相似性,反映了晚白垩世全球古环境、古生态及古气候的相似性。(1)中国晚白垩世恐龙骨骼化石埋藏事件可分为早期与晚期2个阶段:早期的Cenomanian期与晚期的Santonian-Maastrichtian期。而国外晚白垩世恐龙骨骼化石埋藏事件只发生在晚期,在美洲及蒙古国发生在Campanian晚期,在欧洲则为Campanian-Maastrichtian期的过渡时期及Maastrichtian期。(2)中国埋藏骨骼化石种属以鸟脚类鸭嘴龙科与兽脚类恐龙为主,它们埋藏于紫红色地层中,埋藏环境主要为冲积扇与河流环境;美洲以鸭嘴龙科为主,欧洲与蒙古国的种群各地不相同,都埋藏于紫红色岩石地层中,埋藏环境主要为河流—泛滥平原。骨骼在不同沉积相组合地层中埋藏学特征各异,与古地理、古生态及古环境密切相关。(3)结合盆地中的化石埋藏学特征与盆地演化特征,总结了恐龙化石埋藏类型主要有原地埋藏与异地埋藏,盆地古地理格局变动、火山活动、古温度升高及古地震等事件的综合作用是可能的埋藏成因,并提出了恐龙化石的埋藏模式。此研究为揭示中国东部乃至全球晚白垩世的古地理、古气候及古生态环境及恐龙灭绝原因的探讨提供了新的材料与证据。     

联合卫星双向时间频率传递和GNSS观测数据确定重力位差和高程差

选取国际权度局发布的4个台站2014-01-14～26的卫星双向时间频率时钟频率之差观测序列及GNSS时钟频率之差数据序列,基于时钟比对法,确定了两地之间重力位差和高程差。与EGM2008模型结果检核表明,重力位差和高程差的标准差分别为308.5 m2/s²和31.5 m,实验结果与目前守时台站所采用原子钟的稳定度10^-15量级基本一致。     

青藏高原北麓河地区降水量观测与对比分析

根据2011年11月至2012年9月通过Thies激光雨滴谱仪、 T-200B雨雪量计和TE525翻斗式雨量筒获取的青藏高原北麓河地区降水量数据, 按3个时间段分别对3种仪器记录的降水量行了对比分析. 结果表明: 激光雨滴谱仪获取的固态降水量与经Jimmy校正公式修正后的T-200B降水量极为接近. 但在测量雨夹雪时, 激光雨滴谱仪对降水类型、 颗粒直径的误判造成了获取的降水量远高于T-200B雨量筒. 而3种仪器获取的液态降水量有很好的一致性. 但是, 当小时降雨量在2 mm以上时, 激光雨滴谱仪获取的降雨量比T-200B和TE525雨量筒小20%左右. 同时, 在风吹雪对激光雨滴谱仪的影响方面做了相关的分析研究, 初步认为风吹雪的颗粒直径主要集中在0.5 mm以下.     

鄂尔多斯盆地与国外相似盆地对比及其中生界石油储量预测

选取3个国外克拉通盆地,即西西伯利亚盆地、巴黎盆地和伊利诺斯盆地,与鄂尔多斯盆地进行对比。鄂尔多斯盆地作为发育在坳拉谷基底之上的克拉通盆地,具有含丰富油气资源量的地质基础。鄂尔多斯盆地为中生代陆相沉积,其烃源岩的分布相对于整个盆地较为局限,圈闭类型较为复杂多样,除此之外的其他地质因素均比较相似。根据盆地对比估算得到鄂尔多斯盆地中生界的探明石油储量为17.21 x10⁸t据西西伯利亚盆地)、22.67 x10⁸t据巴黎盆地)和24. 40 x10⁸t (据伊利诺斯盆地),表明鄂尔多斯盆地中生界具有很大的资源潜力和勘探前景。     

A comparison of atmospheric CO2 concentration GOSAT-based observations and model simulations

Satellite observations of atmospheric CO2 are able to truly capture the variation of global and regional CO2 concentration.The model simulations based on atmospheric transport models can also assess variations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations in a continuous space and time,which is one of approaches for qualitatively and quantitatively studying the atmospheric transport mechanism and spatio-temporal variation of atmospheric CO2 in a global scale.Satellite observations and model simulations of CO2 offer us two different approaches to understand the atmospheric CO2.However,the difference between them has not been comprehensively compared and assessed for revealing the global and regional features of atmospheric CO2.In this study,we compared and assessed the spatio-temporal variation of atmospheric CO2 using two datasets of the column-averaged dry air mole fractions of atmospheric CO2(XCO2)in a year from June 2009 to May 2010,respectively from GOSAT retrievals(V02.xx)and from Goddard Earth Observing System-Chemistry(GEOS-Chem),which is a global 3-D chemistry transport model.In addition to the global comparison,we further compared and analyzed the difference of CO2 between the China land region and the United States(US)land region from two datasets,and demonstrated the reasonability and uncertainty of satellite observations and model simulations.The results show that the XCO2 retrieved from GOSAT is globally lower than GEOS-Chem model simulation by 2 ppm on average,which is close to the validation conclusion for GOSAT by ground measures.This difference of XCO2 between the two datasets,however,changes with the different regions.In China land region,the difference is large,from 0.6 to 5.6 ppm,whereas it is 1.6 to 3.7 ppm in the global land region and 1.4 to 2.7 ppm in the US land region.The goodness of fit test between the two datasets is 0.81 in the US land region,which is higher than that in the global land region(0.67)and China land region(0.68).The analysis results further indicate that the inconsistency of CO2concentration between satellite observations and model simulations in China is larger than that in the US and the globe.This inconsistency is related to the GOSAT retrieval error of CO2 caused by the interference among input parameters of satellite retrieval algorithm,and the uncertainty of driving parameters in GEOS-Chem model.     

Simulation and comparative study of two types of Topographic Index model for a homogeneous mountain catchment

In order to expand the application range of the classic Topographic Index model (TOPMODEL) and develop a more appropriate submodel of hydrological processes for use in the land surface model, two types of TOPMODEL are investigated, one with saturated hydraulic conductivity change with depth obeying exponential law (classical e-TOPMODEL or e-TOPMODEL for short) and the other obeying general power law (general p-TOPMODEL or p-TOPMODEL for short). Using observation date in the Suomo River catchment located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the sensitivity study of the p-TOPMODEL was conducted and the simulated results from the model were examined and evaluated first, and then the results were compared with the results from the e-TOPMODEL to find the similarities and differences between the two types of models. The main conclusions obtained from the above studies are (1) topographic index and its distribution derived from the p-TOPPMODEL for the Suomo Basin are sensitive to changes of parameter n and m; (2) changes of n and m have impacts on the simulation results of various hydrological components (such as daily runoff, monthly averaged runoff, monthly averaged surface runoff and subsurface runoff), but have the weaker impacts on forty-year averaged total runoff; and (3) for the same value of m, the simulated results of e-TOPMODEL display higher surface runoff and lower subsurface runoff than the general p-TOPMODEL does but multi-year averaged total runoffs produced from the two types of TOPMODEL show insignificant difference. The differences between the two types of models indicate that it is necessary to pay close attention to correct selection from different hydrological models for use in land surface model development. The result mentioned above is useful to provide some referential information for the model selection.     

通量上边界与水头上边界方法的地下水流系统模拟对比

水头上边界方法（简称水头法,GHB）给定了潜水面形态和固化了排泄点,限制了不同地下水流系统模式的形成与转化。分别用数值法进行了通量上边界（简称通量法,FUB）与水头上边界的地下水流系统对比模拟。结果表明：嵌套式多级地下水流系统（Tóth典型模式）在运用水头法和通量法进行系统转化模拟时,得出的水流模式可能相似或完全不同;通量法在条件（盆地形态、入渗强度等）改变时潜水面能够自动形成,从而得出不同变化条件下的水流系统特征;水头法由于给定了潜水面和固化了排泄点,在改变盆地其他因素时,盆地补给（排泄）也发生同步改变,此时地下水流模式不是单因素变化的结果,因此在给定条件下不能得出完整的地下水流系统变化模式。基于通量法与水头法在地下水流系统模拟中的优势与不同,在进行盆地地下水流系统理论和实际研究时,应该综合2种方法的特点,结合实际资料条件进行方法的选取与应用。     

中国与美国地震台网数字化体波震级对比分析

使用中国地震台网全面完成数字化之后的观测资料（2008 2012年）,对中国地震台网和美国地震台网测定的体波震级从震级大小、震中距、震源深度和震中方位进行对比分析.由对比结果可知：中国和美国地震台网测定的mb之间无系统化差异,但中国地震台网测定的mB与美国地震台网测定的mb存在一定系统偏差（mB平均偏大0.22）;震源深度对震级偏差有一定影响,具体表现为浅源地震偏差大于中深源地震;震中距及四象限分布对偏差基本没有影响.     

渤海湾盆地临南地区有效油气运聚系统分析

临南地区原油来源于临南洼陷沙三段富有机质成熟烃源岩,其中部分原油受到轻微的生物降解和水洗作用。根据轻烃、生物标志物组成及油源对比结果,将临南洼陷分为南北两个油源区,在渐新世末和中新世末两期油气运聚过程中,形成了四个有效油气运聚系统。各运聚系统的油气沿一定主导方向运移,除已知油田外,位于该主导方向上的曲堤地垒是有利勘探方向。