云南鲁甸Ms6.5级地震罕见大峰值记录时-频反应谱分析

2014年云南鲁甸M_s6.5地震龙头山台站记录到东西向峰值加速度948.50 Gal的罕见大峰值记录（简称"龙头山EW记录"）,震中烈度高达Ⅸ度,而震中距大于10 km以后,峰值加速度和烈度均迅速减小。为研究这一现象,利用时-频反应谱对震中距45 km以内的6个台站记录进行了时频特性分析,发现龙头山EW记录幅值区域相对集中且谱值很大,沿持时轴连续分布两个幅值带,高频和低频成分均远大于其拓展设计反应谱,据此设计的自振周期处于0.4~0.8s的结构将遭受严重累积破坏。另外5个台站时-频反应谱值小且覆盖区域狭小,作用时间短,无论在自振周期轴方向,还是持时轴方向均远小于其拓展设计反应谱覆盖区域,结构不会发生破坏或仅发生可修复的轻微破坏。震害调查结果与时-频反应谱分析结果相符,证明鲁甸地震小震级、高烈度、大灾害的特点与龙头山EW罕见大峰值记录的时频特性有着密切关系,时-频反应谱有利于用来分析结构破坏机理,具有研究的理论意义与应用价值。     

重力基准快速测定与分析:以广西重力基点网及格值标定场重建为例

重力基点网是我国开展地质调查、地震监测、测绘等测量工作的重要基础设施,面对原有基点网覆盖面不足且受到不同程度损害这一现状,目前已不能满足开展大比例尺重力调查以及高频率重复监测等工作的需求.本文以广西重力基点网重建为契机,利用A10-022绝对重力仪对全区42个重力基点与2个相对重力仪标定场的绝对重力值进行了测定.整个实施周期涵盖了计量参数校准、全球绝对重力仪国际比对、室内同点重复性以及全网部分基点独立安装检查等较为完整的测量流程,并通过连续运输与观测期间环境因素的记录与对比分析,总结了适合于该类型仪器室外条件下工作的技术手段与应对措施.观测结果表明:利用A10绝对重力仪能够高效率与高精度的完成广西重力基点网室外设计点位测定工作,国际比对及重复性验证确保了本次重建基点结果的可信度;A10采用双模式的氦氖激光频率存在漂移并受温度及气压等多种因素的综合影响,但短期内中心频率未出现较大波动,建议定期对其进行校准;各基点观测误差主要受到台站质量、人文活动及突发事件等环境扰动的影响,并与仪器内外温差存在较高的相关性.本文给出的A10绝对重力仪的参数设计、技术手段与影响因素的详细分析,能够为今后同类型仪器的观测实施提供重要参考,并有助于室外绝对重力观测的全国推广与应用.     

苍峄铁矿带北辛庄矿床浅深部矿体特征与找矿远景分析

北辛庄铁矿床位于山东省兰陵县城西,地处苍峄铁矿带东段,白水牛石断层东侧,受控于石闫背斜南翼,属"鞍山式"沉积变质型铁矿床。矿体呈层状产出,走向265°～275°,倾向S,倾角45°～60°。矿床浅部和深部矿体分属于北辛庄北、北辛庄南两相邻探矿权,勘查历程和控制程度不一。北辛庄北探矿权内矿体经多期勘查,现最大控制深度已达-600 m。近年来于北辛庄南探矿权开展深部探矿,发现该矿体已延入本区,且在-1000m～-1400 m标高沿走向和倾向仍有稳定延伸。该文通过对矿床浅深部矿体的形态、规模、质量等特征对比分析,发现矿体形态结构简单,矿化均匀连续,矿石质量无明显变化,品位与厚度略具正相关性。矿体向深部总体有厚度减薄、品位贫化的趋势,同时具有缓倾部位厚度膨大、矿化富集,陡倾部位厚度减薄、品位贫化特征。-1400 m以深矿体仍满足工业指标要求,矿床中部勘查空白区段、矿床深部及外围仍具有良好的资源前景。     

The ‘cottage effect’ in citizen science? Spatial bias in aquatic monitoring programs

Citizen science aquatic monitoring programs often rely on opportunistic, incidental contributions, which can lead to spatial bias, the uneven geographical distribution of sample sites. It is less known how this spatial bias compares to professional monitoring activities, or how geospatial biases (e.g. terrain slope, population density, road density) influence aquatic citizen science and professional lake monitoring programs. This paper compares sample sites in Ontario’s volunteer Lake Partner Program, against those identified by a stratified random sampling method currently used by the Province of Ontario, Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. Exploration of spatial bias within each sampling method was conducted using Kernel Density Estimation, a nonparametric approach to interpolating the spatial trend of a given variable. Results indicate that two distinct patterns of sampling clusters exist between the two datasets, suggesting a ‘cottage effect’ in which volunteers are more likely to sample accessible locations associated with recreation and summer home ownership. Although professional monitoring programs are not exempt from spatial bias, our research suggests that citizen science lake monitoring programs in Ontario are more influenced by natural and demographic biases related to the location, accessibility, size and general attractiveness of lakes.     

Stationary underwater cameras assess more efficiently clear-water mangrove fish assemblages: A comparison of non-extractive techniques

Research in aquatic ecology requires adequate sampling designs if the underlying processes that govern population and community dynamics are to be understood. Adequate sampling design is particularly important for organisms inhabiting environments such as mangroves. Thus, collecting quantitative ecological data remains a major challenge. Here, we analysed the structural and temporal dynamics of a tidal cycle and mangrove fish assemblages at 15 sites along the Brazilian central coast. Specifically, we used two non-extractive sampling techniques, which included stationary underwater visual census (s-UVC) and stationary underwater wide-camera census (s-UWC). Our results showed that by reducing potential observer effects, the s-UWC protocol maximized fish counts, yielding more accurate and precise estimates. In contrast, although the s-UVC technique was a useful approach, this technique did not yield precise density and richness estimates. Furthermore, the negative effect associated with the presence of an observer (i.e., diver) was a significant constraint to the observer-based technique. Furthermore, the methods were more similar for the high tide samples and more divergent for the flood tide and ebb tide samples. These pronounced divergences among tidal periods allowed the application of a temporal mixed-sampling protocol (i.e., unbalanced temporal samples) based on s-UWC without the loss of statistical power. Methodological gains also were felt with a reduction in the costs associated with the presence of a trained observer in water and overcoming of constraints positively related to depth limitations. Overall, the s-UWC protocol adequately captures species using different stages of the tide to enter the mangroves.     

基于加权光滑样条的多云雨地区NDVI重构——以广东省为例

为探讨加权光滑样条算法（sspw）在多云雨地区重构高质量NDVI的效果,以广东省为研究区,对其范围内2005—2015年MOD13Q1 NDVI数据进行重构。为证实sspw在重构多云雨地区NDVI的优势,选取多云雨样区的重构影像进行对比,并将未加权滤波［普通光滑样条（ssp）、Savitzky-Golay（SG）滤波］与加权滤波（sspw、加权SG滤波）重构的NDVI时序曲线进行对比。结果发现：1）sspw能有效重构多云雨地区NDVI。2）与未加权滤波相比,在质量权重的辅助下,加权滤波重构的NDVI数据时间序列曲线更接近原始NDVI上包络线,加权滤波重构的NDVI与原始NDVI线性相关性更强,误差更小;而加权滤波中,sspw比加权SG（Savitzky-Golay）滤波更能抑制图像中的噪音。总体来说,sspw重构的数据误差更小,与原始高质量数据相关性更强,重构效果更好,更适合多云雨地区。     

两种高程坐标预测模型的精度对比分析

为提高IGS测站高程坐标预测精度,分别拟合两种时间序列模型:多项式周期模型与ARMA模型,选用我国及周边7个IGS站2013年的观测数据进行实验验证及对比分析。结果表明:两种模型的预报中误差均小于4.5 mm,可作为高程坐标预测的参考模型,同时,ARMA模型的预报精度较多项式周期模型的预报精度提升5%以上,且稳定性高于多项式周期模型,更加适合站点的坐标预报。     

典型国家专属经济区及大陆架规划文本比较及对中国启示

本文对澳大利亚、加拿大、英国的专属经济区及大陆架规划进展和规划文本进行对比研究,结果显示这三个国家的专属经济区及大陆架规划文本具有覆盖范围全、定期修订、注重生态系统保护和重视利益相关者的共同特点;同时在规划目标、实施力度、财政支持力度以及跟踪保障措施等方面存在差异。这表明专属经济区及大陆架规划制定应该遵循四个基本理论:国土资源安全理论、动态规划理论、可持续发展理论和利益相关者理论;同时应当做好三方面保障工作:法律保障、管理体制保障和文化保障。在此基础上针对我国专属经济区及大陆架规划目前存在的法律体系、管理体制、管理意识困境,提出相关规划编制建议。     

市场比较法在养殖用海价格评估中的应用初探

开展养殖用海基准价格评估,有利于推动海域资源市场化配置,形成良性的养殖用海交易市场。本研究介绍了市场比较法的原理及适用范围,并基于养殖用海的特点,以深圳市开放式养殖用海为评估对象,运用市场比较法测算其海域基准价值,并分析各评估方法在养殖用海评估中的适用性和局限性。