地下储气库评价设计方法及应用

地下储气库对调节冬夏季节天然气供需矛盾，保障用户需求、优化集输系统功能有重要作用。在对地下储气库概念及原理进行阐述的基础上，提出了建立地下储气库应具备的首要条件，同时对地下储气库设计过程中应重点解决的回顾及指标设计进行了详细论述。通过建设实践，证实了文中提出的设计及评价方法的可靠性。     

浅成火山岩中石英斑晶的分离方法研究

在总结大量矿物分选的实践基础上,系统研究了用混合重液法分离石英斑晶的理论和操作方法及用折光率法间接测量混合重液的技术.发现了用折光率值为1.577~1.579的系列混合重液分离石英斑晶效果最好,分离纯度达到95%~98%,解决了从浅成火山岩中分选单晶石英的难题,极大地提高了石英的分离效率、纯度和回收率,从过去石英的富集率20茗提高到95%~98%,从人工挑选的几克增至几百克,可从挑选的40~80目扩大到120目.     

唐山地区干旱演变特征分析

研究区地处干旱和湿润气候的过渡地带,这一地区导致干旱发生的直接原因是干旱的气候和水资源的短缺,主要就是降水量的偏少.从简单实用角度考虑,本文根据唐山地区1956～2005年的水文和气象资料,采用降水距平、径流系数、她表湿润度指数等指标对唐山地区的干旱演变趋势进行分析,揭示出该地区近50年的干旱演变特征.     

应用等性块段指数法划分新场井田的构造类型

介绍了等性块段指数法定量划分井田构造类型的基本原理。利用该法对筠连矿区新场井田的构造类型进行定量评价,得出该井田构造指数为1．98,属中等构造,证明原勘探所定构造类型基本正确。     

支持向量回归机在滑坡安全可靠度评价中的应用研究

探讨支持向量机的参数优化方法,将学习能力较强的支持向量机引入滑坡可靠度评价当中,并根据数理统计的理论,对滑坡稳定性敏感性因素作数据处理,并证明其合理性,在此基础上提出一种改进的可靠度指标的计算方法。为便于对比,分别选取49个学习样本和121个学习样本两种计算模型,计算实例表明,这两种计算模型与蒙特卡洛模型计算结果非常接近,充分体现了在小样本的情形下支持向量机的优势,说明将其应用于滑坡安全可靠度评价中是可行的。     

The petroleum generation potential and effective oil window of humic coals related to coal composition and age

A worldwide data set of more than 500 humic coals from the major coal-forming geological periods has been used to analyse the evolution in the remaining (Hydrogen Index, HI) and total (Quality Index, QI) generation potentials with increasing thermal maturity and the ‘effective oil window’ (‘oil expulsion window’). All samples describe HI and QI bands that are broad at low maturities and that gradually narrow with increasing maturity. The oil generation potential is completely exhausted at a vitrinite reflectance of 2.0–2.2%R_o or T_max of 500–510 °C. The initial large variation in the generation potential is related to the original depositional conditions, particularly the degree of marine influence and the formation of hydrogen-enriched vitrinite, as suggested by increased sulphur and hydrogen contents. During initial thermal maturation the HI increases to a maximum value, HI_max. Similarly, QI increases to a maximum value, QI_max. This increase in HI and QI is related to the formation of an additional generation potential in the coal structure. The decline in QI with further maturation is indicating onset of initial oil expulsion, which precedes efficient expulsion. Liquid petroleum generation from humic coals is thus a complex, three-phase process: (i) onset of petroleum generation, (ii) petroleum build-up in the coal, and (iii) initial oil expulsion followed by efficient oil expulsion (corresponding to the effective oil window). Efficient oil expulsion is indicated by a decline in the Bitumen Index (BI) when plotted against vitrinite reflectance or T_max. This means that in humic coals the vitrinite reflectance or T_max values at which onset of petroleum generation occurs cannot be used to establish the start of the effective oil window. The start of the effective oil window occurs within the vitrinite reflectance range 0.85–1.05%R_o or T_max range 440–455 °C and the oil window extends to 1.5–2.0%R_o or 470–510 °C. For general use, an effective oil window is proposed to occur from 0.85 to 1.7%R_o or from 440 to 490 °C. Specific ranges for HI_max and the effective oil window can be defined for Cenozoic, Jurassic, Permian, and Carboniferous coals. Cenozoic coals reach the highest HI_max values (220–370 mg HC/g TOC), and for the most oil-prone Cenozoic coals the effective oil window may possibly range from 0.65 to 2.0%R_o or 430 to 510 °C. In contrast, the most oil-prone Jurassic, Permian and Carboniferous coals reach the expulsion threshold at a vitrinite reflectance of 0.85–0.9%R_o or T_max of 440–445 °C.     

闽南区域地壳稳定性分区及其特征

通过一系列区域地壳稳定性背景资料的分析，以地壳结构、深断裂、活动断裂、第四纪升降速率、大地热流值、布格异常梯度、地壳应变能量、地震最大震级、基本烈度等综合指标，将闽南区域的地壳稳定性，自西而东划分为稳定区、基本稳定区和次稳定区。     

小秦岭石英脉（构造带）含金性评价的包裹体指标研究

选择了小秦岭含金石英脉脉石英的显微镜下特征、红外光谱及近脉（矿）围岩全岩爆裂温测等３种包裹体研究方法，对比研究了东闯金、铅矿区和杨砦峪矿区不同含金性石英脉、含矿脉中的富矿、贫矿地段及矿体不同部位的包裹体特征，提出出了石英脉含金性评价及差别矿体剥蚀程度的包裹体指标。     

Environmental Assessments of Trace Metals in Sediments from Dongting Lake, Central China

INTRODUCTIONFresh water lakes are one of the planet’s mosti mportant freshwater resources.They support life invarious forms,develop tourism and provide uniquerecreational opportunities.It is also a good source ofthe provision of drinking-water for local communi-ties.Studies on trace elements in rivers,lakes,andsedi ments(Zhou et al.,2004;Gray et al.,2000;Grosheva et al.,2000;Klavins et al.,2000;Aucoinet al.,1999;Bortoli et al.,1998;Elbaz-Poulichet etal.,1996;Johansson et al.,1995;F r…     

Assessment of wetland fragmentation in the Tarim River basin, western China

The wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River are a rich area of biodiversity and natural resources in the inland arid region of China. However, this wetland area has decreased in size during the past several decades. Water quality and biodiversity has declined due to expanded agricultural activities since 1960s. Using remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) techniques, we investigated the dynamics, spatial patterns and fragmentation of the wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River from 1980 to 2000. We found that the total area of the wetlands was reduced by 45.8% and the density of the patches increased four times from 1980 to 1990. From 1990 to 2000, though the total area of the wetlands slightly increased the number of the patches increased three times and the density of the patches doubled. Based on the analyses of transition matrixes, diversity and fragmentation indexes, and spatial distribution alternation of the wetlands, we found the landscape diversity and fragmentation indices increased while wetland dominance index decreased dramatically. Among the wetland types, the areas of the river-channel, reservoir and pond wetlands increased while the areas of the lake and marsh wetlands decreased continuously.