油气地化指标得分和方法在油气化探异常评价中的应用

以我国华北某油区油气勘探为例,介绍了油气地球化学异常评价标志及依据,并利用这些评价标志——异常形态、异常组合、异常规模(N4P)、变异系数、构造圈闭等在油气地化异常评价中的作用,给出不同的分值,按评分标准对圈定的异常求出累积得分和,据此对油气化探异常所圈定的远景区进行排序,为进一步的油气勘查提供地球化学依据,并取得了较好的效果。     

土性指标和地层性质对水泥搅拌桩成桩质量的影响

从水泥土的固化机理出发,结合水泥搅拌桩桩身标准贯入试验和水泥土配合比试验,分析讨论了土性指标、土质条件和地层性质对水泥搅拌桩成桩质量的影响。     

Exploration Indices and Mineral Potential Map of the Kuroko Deposits in Northeast Japan

Abstract. Recent discoveries of seafloor hydrothermal mineralization in submarine volcanic centers of felsic magma in western Pacific island arcs are regarded as modern analogues of Kuroko type deposits. Studies of these deposits and their surrounding geology raised question whether the exploration activity for the Kuroko deposits on land which peaked in the 1960's was adequate or not. However, such an evaluation is not easy because the exploration data are about to be lost as a result of the closure of all the Kuroko mines in the area since 1994.
The Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ), therefore, decided to compile existing data on about 180 Kuroko deposits and related mineral occurrences in northeast Japan as a new Kuroko database.
This study extends a concept called "exploration indices" which was developed based on a case study of the thoroughly surveyed Hokuroku district to draw a potential map of the Kuroko occurrences for the entire northeast Japan quantitatively with a Geographical Information System (GIS). Effective exploration indices include: 1) distribution of dacitic-rhy-olitic submarine volcanic rocks of the Nishikurosawa and Onnagawa stages, 2) distribution of intrusive rocks of pre- and post-Kuroko horizon, 3) low aeromagnetic anomaly caused by hydrothermal alteration of magnetite, 4) low gravity anomaly which suggests depressions in the basement rocks such as a tectonic basin and/or caldera, and 5) nearby existence of vein type deposits. It is concluded that about 33 % of known Kuroko deposits fall within the high potential zone (score=4 and 5) that occupies only 4 % of the entire northeast Japan arc. The Kuroko potential map is, therefore, useful for limiting the target area for Kuroko type deposits in an island arc setting.     

辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落类型及基本特征

基于48个样地的群落调查数据,运用TWINSPAN分类方法,对辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落类型进行了划分,并对群落结构、种类组成和生活型谱进行了系统研究.结果表明:老秃顶子冰缘地貌植被可划分为16个森林群系、6个灌丛群系,归并为落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、暗针叶林、矮曲林、灌丛、灌草丛6个植被型.其中,石海地貌主要发育灌丛和灌草丛,也有针阔混交林和矮曲林分布;石河地貌主要发育针阔混交林和落叶阔叶林,也有暗针叶林分布;石流坡地貌主要发育针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林和灌丛,也有矮曲林分布.老秃顶子冰缘地貌植被由68科138属193种维管束植物组成;石海与石河间植物群落物种组成属中等不相似,而石河与石流坡间属中等相似.老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落中高位芽植物占38.0%,隐芽植物占36.3%,地面芽植物占21.8%,地上芽植物和一年生植物均很少,反映出辽东山地冰缘地貌区具有夏季温暖多雨、冬季寒冷漫长的气候特点.相对而言,石海、石流坡地貌中隐芽植物较多,石河地貌中高位芽植物较多,表明石海、石流坡地貌具有更为冷湿的小气候环境.     

The effects of elevation on thermal bioclimatic conditions in Uludağ (Turkey)

This study compares the thermal bioclimatic conditions recorded at Bursa (100 m) and Uluda? (1878 m) meteorological stations at 7:00, 14:00 and 21:00 LST (local standard time) between 1975 and 2006, by using the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), which is calculated from meteorological parameters. The effects of elevation-dependent environmental and atmospheric conditions on thermal perception (i.e., PET) values were analyzed and assessed. The analysis showed that the mean annual difference between PET values in Bursa and Uluda? was 12 ºC. The difference was lower in winter (9 ºC PET) and higher in summer (15 ºC PET). The highest difference between PET values occurred in the afternoon (16 ºC PET) and the lowest difference occurred in the morning (8.4 ºC PET). The differences occur as a result of high altitude and higher surface albedo due to snowfall, which leads to lower PET values and thus to less comfortable thermal conditions. The mean PET values of Bursa and Uluda? decrease 0.67 ºC every 100 m.     

三峡库区特大滑坡灾害防治工程评价方法初探

以三峡库区特大滑坡灾害为研究对象,汇总、分析了库区72处特大滑坡灾害的防治工程措施,总结了三峡库区特大滑坡灾害防治技术的特点。通过对三峡库区特大滑坡灾害防治工程的基本类型与防灾特点的分析,建立了特大滑坡灾害防治措施的评价指标体系,并依照评价指标和标准对滑坡灾害防治工程效果进行分级。     

基于GIS分析法识别城区水安全敏感区研究

近年来,随着海绵城市建设的推进,我国学者对于城市雨洪管理方面的研究日益加深。然而海绵城市的建设相关问题也日益凸显,首要问题就是对于城区大范围积水分析、水安全分析等技术相对薄弱,使得大范围海绵城市的建设流于形式。以宜良县建成区为例,查阅相关文献并对积水点实际调研。借助ArcGIS工具的强大功能对城区的各项指标进行综合分析,得出宜良县建成区水安全敏感区分布图,从而使得海绵城市建设可以根据各区域水安全敏感情况制定不同策略,对今后海绵城市的建设具有借鉴意义。     

The interannual variability of mid-latitude meridional circulation and its teleconnection with Indian monsoon activity

The statistical relationship between the summer monsoon rainfall over all India, northwest India and peninsular India, onset dates of monsoon and the index of mid latitude, (35° to 70°N) meridional circulation at 500 hPa level over different sectors and hemisphere based on 19 years (1971–1989) data, have been examined. The results indicate that (i) the summer monsoon rainfalls over all India, northwest India and peninsular India show a significant inverse relationship with the strength of meridional index during previous January over sector 45°W to 90°E. (ii) The summer monsoon rainfalls over all India and peninsular India show a significant inverse relationship with the strength of meridional index during previous December over sector 90°E to 160°E, (iii) The summer monsoon rainfall over northwest India shows a significant direct relationship with the meridional index during previous May over sector 160°E to 45°W. Significant negative relationships are also observed between the meridional circulation indices of previous October (sector 3 and 4), previous December (sectors 1, 3 and 4), previous winter season (sector 3 and 4) and the onset dates of summer monsoon over India. The meridional circulation index thus can have some possible use for long range forecasting of monsoon rainfall over all India, northwest India and peninsular India, as well as the onset dates of monsoon.     

灰色关联度法和距离判别分析法在溪洛渡库区潜在滑坡判识中的应用

以溪洛渡库区深入研究的14个典型滑坡为研究对象,在初步建立潜在滑坡判识指标的基础上,运用灰色关联度理论优选确定了影响库区潜在滑坡孕育的8个关键主控因素:坡面平均坡度、滑体内冲沟切割程度、洼地封闭状况(或排水条件)、滑面平均倾角、滑面形态、下滑段长度与总滑面长度之比、滑体结构及近期活动迹象,并依据距离判别分析的理论和方法,建立了溪洛渡库区潜在滑坡的距离判识模型。该判识模型对库区5个待判滑坡样本和9个滑坡学习样本的判识准确率均达到了100%。     

高原湖相泥炭土渗透特性研究及机制分析

为明确高原湖相泥炭土渗透特性并建立渗透模型,采用固结-渗透联合试验装置对取自6个场地20余组土样天然状态及一维压缩过程中渗透系数进行测定,并分析了加载时长、应力水平以及烧失量、残余纤维含量等因素对其渗透性的影响。试验结果表明：分别加载条件下,泥炭土渗透系数 随加载时长T增大而减小并趋于稳定,稳定时长在10 d左右;分级加载条件下, 随固结应力 的增大呈非线性减小, - 关系曲线为反S型;高原湖相泥炭土渗透模型可用e- 表示,其渗透指数 与初始孔隙比 满足关系式 0.25 ;初始渗透系数 和烧失量 、残余纤维含量 及 关系较为离散, 和 、 及初始含水率 有一定的正相关性。通过电镜扫描试验,从土中孔隙特征角度探讨了高原湖相泥炭土渗透特性的机制。