南水北调总干渠中线工程豫北段基础稳定性的InSAR时序分析

南水北调总干渠中线工程豫北段受矿区开采沉陷、区域地质构造活动及城市地下水开采沉降等多种威胁,区域地质结构稳定性较差。为了评估干渠沿线基础稳定性,为引水工程提供安全评价保障,以南水北调中线豫北段为例,利用2009年全年共9期ENVISAT ASAR雷达数据,采用二通加外部DEM的D-InSAR数据处理算法和"相位累积式"干涉测量甄别大气影响,采用"相邻重访周期式"干涉测量减小时间退相干影响,获得了沿线126km渠段、33个监测点在2009年8个时间段的时序差分形变相位图像;提取了不同时期采矿、地下水开采造成的地面沉降区及沉降幅度信息;评价了区域活动构造及稳定性。研究表明:研究渠段全线有不均匀下沉,350d累积最小下沉量为-33mm,最大下沉量为-73mm。年下沉速率0.34~0.76m/a,年平均下沉速率0.53m/a。监测点下沉总体符合指数分布,平均相关系数R2=0.741 8。根据监测点下沉拟合曲线预测,调水干渠多数段落基础下沉趋稳;南水北调中线工程豫北段受多种因素叠加影响,总体基础稳定性较差,地质构造活动、城市地表沉降为主要影响因素,基础施工为次要影响,矿区开采沉陷对基础失稳未见直接相关性。     

巴姆地震地表形变的差分雷达干涉测量

利用星载合成孔径差分雷达干涉技术和ENVISAT卫星雷达数据, 获得了2003年12月26日伊朗巴姆的里氏6.5级地震引起的同震地表形变场,并详细地介绍了信号处理的过程. 利用地震前后的相干图的差异及形变场的突变棱线, 精确确定了地面上断层裂缝的位置、形状和长度. 这对震源理论模型的参数估计提供了依据. 由雷达干涉技术测量得到的形变场与理论模型模拟的结果一致.      

Accurate GPS measurement of the location and orientation of a floating platform

Abstract

This article describes the design and initial tests of the GPS portion of a system for making seafloor geodesy measurements. In the planned system, GPS antennas on a floating platform will be used to measure the location of an acoustic transducer, attached below the platform, which interrogates an array of transponders on the seafloor. Since the GPS antennas are necessarily some distance above the transducer, a short‐baseline GPS interferometer consisting of three antennas is used to measure the platform's orientation.

A preliminary test of several crucial elements of the system was performed at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) in December 1989. The test involved a fixed antenna on the pier and a second antenna floating on a buoy about 80 m away. GPS measurements of the vertical component of this baseline, analyzed independently by two groups using different software, agree with each other and with an independent measurement within a centimeter.

The first test of an integrated GPS/acoustic system took place in the Santa Cruz Basin off the coast of southern California in May 1990. In this test a much larger buoy, designed and built at SIO, was equipped with three GPS antennas and an acoustic transducer that interrogated a transponder on the ocean floor. Preliminary analysis indicates that the horizontal position of the transponder can be determined with a precision of about a centimeter. Further analysis will be required to investigate the magnitude of systematic errors.     

基于遥感的冰川信息提取方法研究进展

对冰川监测中常用的遥感卫星、 传感器及冰川信息提取方法等进行了综合评价, 常规方法中普遍认为比值法的精度最高, 新产生的面向对象分类和雷达干涉测量方法虽一定程度上提高了冰川提取精度, 但冰碛物仍是自动识别的难点. 针对表碛覆盖冰川虽发展了一些自动、 半自动的方法, 但这些方法还不够成熟、 不具有通用性. 积雪、 冰碛物和地面验证仍是冰川自动提取存在的重要问题, 发展更先进、 更成熟的方法是冰川研究的重要方向, 未来可以尝试采用粗糙集理论及ICESAT卫星波形提高冰川信息提取的精度.     

基于反褶积算法的地震干涉技术被动源成像

地震干涉技术可以将任意2个检波器接收到的数据合成为在若干检波器之间传播的波,就好像其中的一个检波器作为一个虚拟震源来发挥作用。它可以从混沌无序的地震信号中发现有用信息,从地震噪声中提取有用信号以此推断地震波穿过介质的地质构造。基于反褶积算法,对其理论公式进行了较详细的推导,实现被动源地震干涉成像,证明了反褶积算法的可行性;并将其结果与互相关算法的结果进行对比,分析了2种方法在信噪比和分辨率方面的差异。数值计算表明,反褶积算法的纵向分辨率比互相关算法的高。对其进行的加噪试算表明,震源叠加后的反褶积算法呈现出高信噪比的特点。     

GB-SAR导轨倾角引起的影像坐标投影变换误差分析

依据GB-SAR传感器运行导轨与成像投影面的空间关系,分别推导了导轨中心线俯仰角和横轴侧倾角所引起的成像投影误差的计算公式。计算结果表明,导轨安装定位时产生的俯仰角通常可以忽略不计,而成像投影误差对导轨横轴的侧倾角更为敏感。在GB-SAR连续变形监测应用中,导轨的横向姿态需做严格控制,确保其水平度。     

Joint interferometric imaging of walkaway VSP data

In this paper, we image the subsurface reflectors by interferometric imaging using primary and downgoing first-order free-surface related multiple reflections in walkaway VSP data. By analyzing the stack fold distribution, we find that primary-direct interferometric imaging has a smaller image range, but its stack fold is higher near the well while ghost-direct interferometric imaging is the opposite. We try to solve this problem by the joint interferometric imaging of walkaway VSP data, combining primary-direct interferometric imaging with ghost-direct interferometric imaging. In this way, we can effectively widen the imaging range, simultaneously increase the fold (especially near the well), suppress spurious interference, and improve the image SNR, so that we can get a more credible image. Test results on synthetic walkaway VSP data and field data show that joint interferometric imaging is very effective.     

Detecting remotely triggered temporal changes around the Parkfield section of the San Andreas fault

Detecting temporal changes in fault zone properties at seismogenic depth have been a long-sought goal in the seismological community for many decades.Recent studies based on waveform analysis of repeating earthquakes have found clear temporal changes in the shallow crust and around active fault zones associated with the occurrences of large nearby and teleseismic earthquakes.However,repeating earthquakes only occur in certain locations and their occurrence times cannot be controlled,which may result in inadequate sampling of the interested regions or time periods.Recent developments in passive imaging via auto-and cross-correlation of ambient seismic wavefields (e.g.,seismic noise,earthquake coda waves) provide an ideal source for continuous monitoring of temporal changes around active fault zones.Here we conduct a systematic search of temporal changes along the Parkfield section of the San Andreas fault by cross-correlating relatively high-frequency (0.4-1.3 Hz) ambient noise signals recorded by 10 borehole stations in the High Resolution Seismic Network.After using stretch/compressed method to measure the delay time and the decorrelation-index between the daily noise cross-correlation functions (NCCFs),we find clear temporal changes in the median seismic velocity and decorrelation-index associated with the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake.We also apply the same procedure to the seismic data around five regional/teleseismic events that have triggered non-volcanic tremor in the same region,but failed to find any clear temporal changes in the daily NCCFs.The fact that our current technique can detect temporal changes from the nearby but not regional and teleseismic events,suggests that temporal changes associated with distance sources are very subtle or localized so that they could not be detected within the resolution of the current technique (～0.2%).     

Lunar noise correlation,imaging and monitoring

Passive seismic techniques have revolutionarised seismology,leading for example to increased resolution in surface wave tomography,to the possibility to monitor changes in the propagation medium,and to many new processing strategies in seismic exploration.Here we review applications of the new techniques to a very particular dataset,namely data from the Apollo 17 lunar network.The special conditions of the lunar noise environment are investigated,illustrating the interplay between the properties of the noise and the ability to reconstruct Green's functions.With a dispersion analysis of reconstructed Rayleigh waves new information about the shallow shear velocity structure of the Moon are obtained.Passive image interferometry is used to study the effect of temperature changes in the subsurface on the seismic velocities providing direct observation of a dynamic process in the lunar environment.These applications highlight the potential of passive techniques for terrestrial and planetary seismology.     

基于ESPRIT算法的极化干涉SAR植被高度反演研究

由于存在着去相干分量,利用ESPRIT(旋转不变技术)算法对植被区域的极化干涉SAR(PollnSAR)数据进行反演的结果有较严重偏差.针对这一问题,结合极化干涉相干最优理论及其物理散射机制,引入新的散射矢量——相干最优化散射矢量,提出一种改进的基于ESPRIT的植被高度反算法.最后,利用欧空局(ESA)提供的模拟L波...