The putative impacts of the non‐native seaweed Sargassum muticum on native communities in tidepools of Southern California and investigation into the feasibility of local eradication

The ecological impacts of introduced seaweeds have been relatively understudied. Current research suggests that seaweed invasions often result in alterations of native marine communities and disruptions of normal ecosystem functioning, but the effects on native communities can vary among invasive seaweed species, among habitats and over small and large spatial scales. In this study, the impacts of Sargassum muticum, a non‐native brown alga introduced into southern California, USA, several decades ago, were examined by comparing community structure in rocky inter‐tidal pools with and without the seaweed. Sargassum muticum appeared to have little impact on the native community despite measures revealing changes in the abiotic conditions of pools, with S. muticum presence reducing light penetration and ameliorating pool temperature changes during low tides. In other regions and habitat types, S. muticum presence often, but not consistently, resulted in declines in macrophyte diversity and/or abundance and increases in faunal assemblages. The lack of effects of S. muticum in this study, combined with variable impacts by S. muticum and other invasive seaweeds worldwide, suggests that predicting the effects of introduced seaweeds is problematic and warrants further research. Regardless of the effects on native communities, there is often a desire to eradicate or control the spread of non‐native seaweeds. In this study, localized S. muticum eradication attempts, including manipulations of a native canopy and herbivorous urchins, proved unsuccessful as full recovery occurred in ~9 months. While eradication efforts conducted worldwide have resulted in mixed success, there is a trend that early detection and rapid response can increase success, highlighting a need for systematic monitoring and establishment of regional rapid response plans.     

桐柏地区新城-应山韧性剪切带研究

研究了桐柏地区新城—应山韧性剪切带的变形特征、动力学成因机制,并根据横切韧性剪切带的３条剖面的变形特征,认为中生代华北、扬子两大板块陆陆碰撞的动力来自扬子板块。     

2014年鲁甸6.5级地震震前TEC异常分析

2014年8月3日云南省鲁甸发生了6.5级地震.针对震前电离层异常问题,利用IGS提供的全球电离层数据,采用滑动四分位法对鲁甸地震震中及其周围格网点的TEC进行异常探测,发现震前3d、6d和13 d电离层有明显的异常,其中震前3d、6d的异常最为显著.在进一步分析了太阳地磁活动及这几天的全球TEC异常分布后,认为这3d的电离层异常可能与震前的孕育地震有关.另外,这3d的TEC异常分布区域都满足在经度方向跨度和纬度方向跨度长度比约为3:1,且异常的峰值点并不位于震中的正上方,而是位于震中偏向赤道方向,同时赤道共轭区域也存在异常,但范围和幅度都较小.     

山东半岛地质环境与温泉分布

以野外实际资料为基础，运用板块构造原理探讨山东半岛区域地质环境与温泉分布的关系．提出山东半岛为板内相对稳定的隆起区，在全球板块构造背景下主要发育ＮＥ、ＮＮＥ和ＮＷ、ＮＮＷ向断裂．地热场为板内中低温地热带的一部分，地表无异常水热活动．出露的温泉属于非火山型，并严格受断裂构造控制，主要分布在ＮＥ、ＮＮＥ与ＮＷ、ＮＮＷ向断裂交汇形成的构造破碎带．     

个旧高松矿田成矿构造系统解析及构造控矿规律

通过对个旧高松矿田的构造地质调查、区域成矿构造背景研究和以往勘探资料系统整理和分析,初步厘定了个旧高松矿田成矿构造系统,并将其解析为印支中晚期—燕山早期近EW向成矿构造子系统、燕山中晚期NE向成矿构造子系统、喜山早-中期岩溶成矿构造子系统。近EW向成矿构造子系统控制区内有利含矿岩系空间分布,含矿岩系的层序构造是层间氧化矿重要的控矿因素;NE向成矿构造子系统控制矿田内燕山晚期花岗岩的侵入就位及层间氧化矿和接触带矿的产出;喜山早-中期岩溶成矿构造子系统控制岩溶残坡积型和溶洞沉积型砂锡矿的形成。EW向与NE向构造交接复合,形成了向断凹式、羽列式、背突式、断裂-接触带构造式等复合控矿构造样式。此外,构造也控制了矿体的产状。根据这些控矿规律,可有效地进行找矿预测。     

Trophic relationships in tidepool fish assemblages of the tropical Southwestern Atlantic

Trophic studies are fundamental to understanding the dynamics of assemblages and functional roles of species within ecosystems, contributing to the identification of factors responsible for the organization and structure of communities. This study aimed to analyse the trophic organization of tidepool fish assemblages in the tropical Southwestern Atlantic, based on the underlying idea that food resources are not limiting and that trophic guild formation is not driven by food competition. Diets were based on feeding index values of food categories for 12 representative species collected in six tidepools (20º49′ S, 40º36′ W) at quarterly intervals (2005 to 2007). The main food categories were small crustaceans, polychaetes and macroalgae. Multivariate techniques evidenced two multispecific trophic guilds: small‐prey carnivores, including Bathygobius soporator, Bathygobius geminatus, Malacoctenus delalandii and Halichoeres poeyi, and herbivores, including Sparisoma axillare and Acanthurus bahianus. Other species presented significantly different diets and were classified into the following guilds: omnivores feeding on filamentous algae and copepods (Abudefduf saxatilis); large‐prey carnivores (Labrisomus nuchipinnis); omnivores feeding on polychaetes and filamentous algae (Stegastes fuscus); and polychaete feeders (Ahlia egmontis). Gymnothorax funebris and Gymnothorax moringa were classified as carcinophagores and piscivores, respectively. Trophic organization appears related to species convergence toward the use of abundant food resources, driven by a combination of factors allowing some resource partitioning through inter‐specific differences in consumer size, microhabitat, behavior, and trophic specialization.     

干旱区盐渍化土地梨园覆草效应研究

在河西走廊中部沙区,分别于1997年5月、1998年5月和7月,给梨园树行覆宽1 m,厚15~20 cm麦草。观测土壤含盐量、湿度、温度、有机质、树下杂草和梨树根系在土壤中的分布、1 a生枝的生长量。树行内覆草降低了0~30 cm土层的K⁺ + Na⁺、Ca²⁺和SO₄^2-的含量。当土壤含水量较小时,0~10 cm覆草土壤含盐量随气温的变化趋势与未覆草土壤相似,但变化幅度小;土壤含水量较大时,覆草土壤含盐量与气温呈负相关。随着覆草时间的延长,单位时间内土壤有机质增长率相对减小。0~60 cm覆草土层根系的分布量为未覆草的2.67倍,覆草有利于梨树地上部分的生长。覆草初期,树行内的1 a生杂草增加;随着覆草时间的延长,1 a生杂草减少;梨树行覆草18个月后,1 a生杂草和多年生杂草数量分别为未覆草的8.6%和77.8%。在河西走廊,果园覆草可选在5月至8月初。     

Analysis of occurrence patterns and biological factors of cetaceans based on long‐term and fine‐scale data from platforms of opportunity: Madeira Island as a case study

Management and conservation issues are addressed through the identification of areas of particular importance, which requires the acquisition of baseline information on species distribution and dynamics. These types of data are particularly difficult to obtain at high resolution for large marine vertebrates like cetaceans, given that dedicated surveys are complex and logistically expensive. This study uses daily presence–absence sighting data of cetaceans collected year‐round from whale‐watching boats to support the theory that fine‐scale data obtained from platforms of opportunity can provide valuable information on species occurrence and group dynamics. Data from 7,551 (daily) sightings comprising 22 species were collected from 3,527 surveyed days over 11 years (mean of 321 days per year, SD = 17) in the pelagic environment of Madeira Island. Cetaceans were observed on 92% of the surveyed days, and a mean of 15.4 (SD = 1.5), 8.2 (SD = 2.0) and 2.1 (SD = 1.2) species were recorded per year, month, and day, respectively. There were significant differences in the number of species per month (p < .001), with the highest diversity recorded in June. At least nine species, comprising 96% of all sightings, were found to use the Madeiran waters on a regular basis, such as the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis), the short‐beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and others featured in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature as Endangered, Vulnerable, and Data Deficient. In addition, 10 species were found to use the Madeiran waters for travelling, feeding, resting, socializing and calving, which suggests that the southern and southeastern waters of Madeira Island constitute an area of interest for cetaceans. This study characterizes the cetaceans’ community structure (occurrence, aggregation sizes, behaviours, proportion of calves, and inter‐specific relationships) of a poorly studied region, providing important information for managers. Finally, the advantages and limitations of using fine‐scale data from a type of platform of opportunity that is increasing along coastlines globally are discussed.     

长江经济带入境旅游经济发展水平省际差异研究

基于区域经济非均衡增长理论,选取1996—2015年长江经济带入境旅游经济发展相关指标,构建旅游经济产业规模指数、产业素质指数及其综合指数,运用数理统计分析和ArcGIS地统计模型,对长江经济带入境旅游经济发展水平省际差异的时空演化特征进行实证分析,深入探讨入境旅游经济发展的现实格局与内在机理。研究表明：(1)长江经济带各省区入境旅游经济发展水平的时空差异总体上呈逐步收敛态势;(2)长江经济带上中下游三大地区入境旅游经济发展的区域内差异贡献率远强于区域间差异贡献率,下游区域的旅游产业发展对省际差异贡献率最大;(3)2015年长江经济带入境旅游产业综合指数呈“U”型拟合曲线,总体上表现出东强西弱,自西向东愈渐增强;北强南弱,自南向北愈渐增强的发展格局,且区域入境旅游经济非均衡发展趋势仍将持续。基于上述研究结论,针对长江经济带入境旅游经济的持久有序发展提出相应建议。